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		<title>FL on Music Theory Print</title>
		<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/</link>
		<description>Recent content in FL on Music Theory Print</description>
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				<title>Flavio Testi</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/flavio-testi/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/flavio-testi/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Flavio Testi (4 January 1923 in Florence – 14 January 2014 in Milan ) was an Italian composer of contemporary classical music and musicologist. Biography He studied with Giulio Cesare Gedda and Luigi Perrachio at the Turin Conservatory, and took an arts degree at Milan University (1951). He then worked for Suvini Zerboni and Ricordi while also composing, pursuing his interest in music history and working on various radio projects for the RAI. From 1972 he devoted himself to educational activities, teaching music history at the Padua Conservatory and then taking up teaching posts at the Milan Conservatory and Florence Conservatory. Musical style and influence As a composer, Testi&amp;rsquo;s music has been strongly influenced by the works of Stravinsky along with his own dramatic sensibility. This is particularly evident in his earlier orchestral works such as Concerto (1954) and Divertimento (1956). His La crocifissione premièred at La Scala in 1954 to great acclaim. The expressiveness of work was particularly admired and the composer followed similar style in his Stabat mater (1957) and New York oficina y denuncia (1964), the latter of which denounced the dehumanizing environment of the mod&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Flawed Mangoes</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/flawed-mangoes/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/flawed-mangoes/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Evan Lo, better known as Flawed Mangoes, is an American singer-songwriter and musician from Boston. Early life and education Lo grew up in Newton, Massachusetts, learning the piano as a child. He began playing the guitar in middle school. Discography Albums * Killswitch Melodies (2023) * The Unwavering Hand (2024) * Anomaly III (2025) * Anomaly IV (2025) * Afterlife (2026) EPs * Nothing Good Will Come of This (2020) * Anomaly I (2025) * Anomaly II (2025) Singles * Show You (2020) * I Am No Fun (2020) * Fatal Flaw (2020) * Goodbye (2020) * No Motivation (2020) * 2am (2021) * ULTRAMAGNET (2021) * Killswitch Lullaby (2023) * The Beginning / Birdsong (2023) * Riff 2 (2023) * Swimming (2024) * Run On Sentence (Acoustic) (2024) * The Beginning (Acoustic) (2024) * Dramamine / Fragility (2024) * Cold (2024) * Cold (Acoustic) (2024) * Sleepwalking (2024) * Tunnel Vision (2024) * Take Your Aim (w/ Scarlet House) (2024) * Leave a Message (w/ aldn) (2024) * Sunday Scaries (2024) * Anthem (2025) * Horse (2026) * Dark (2026) References&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Flemming Weis</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/flemming-weis/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/flemming-weis/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;(Carl) Flemming Weis (15 April 1898 – 30 September 1981) was a Danish composer. He was born in 1898 in Copenhagen, Denmark and died in Hellerup, Denmark in 1981. When studying, he specialized in the organ. Music Weis was heavily influenced by teacher Carl Nielsen. Starting in 1926 he was a board member of the Danish branch of the International Society for Contemporary Music. He also joined the board of the Danish Composers&amp;rsquo; Society in 1956 and became its chairman in 1967. Weis was also Chairman of the board for the Society for the Publication of Danish Music. See also *List of Danish composers References *This article was initially translated from the Danish Wikipedia.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Fleta Jan Brown Spencer</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/fleta-jan-brown-spencer/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/fleta-jan-brown-spencer/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Fleta Jan Brown Spencer (March 8, 1882 – September 2, 1938) was an American songwriter, composer, pianist, and singer. Early life Fleta Jan Brown was born near Sioux Rapids, Iowa, the daughter of William Edward Brown and Jennie Etta Watkins Brown. Her father was a barber. She trained as a pianist and composer at the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music. Career Brown moved to St. Louis, Missouri, after her studies in Cincinnati, and published her first three songs in 1905. After she married fellow songwriter Herbert Spencer, the pair moved to New York, and there were prolific songwriters, sharing credit on dozens of songs published by M. Witmark &amp;amp; Sons, and by Jerome H. Remick. They also performed together at times, both as singers and pianists, in concerts and on the vaudeville stage. Songs with music, lyrics, or both by Brown included &amp;ldquo;Tangle Foot Rag&amp;rdquo; (1907), &amp;ldquo;Fancies&amp;rdquo; (1908), &amp;ldquo;I Wish I was in Heaven Sittin&amp;rsquo; Down&amp;rdquo; (1908), &amp;ldquo;The Party That Wrote &amp;lsquo;Home Sweet Home&amp;rsquo; Never Was a Married Man&amp;rdquo; (1908, later covered by Jerry Garcia), &amp;ldquo;O Wondrous Night in June&amp;rdquo; (1909), &amp;ldquo;I Know a Blossom&amp;rdquo; (1909), &amp;ldquo;In the Dusk&amp;rdquo; (1909), &amp;ldquo;The Birth of Love&amp;rdquo; (1909), &amp;ldquo;Tickle Toes&amp;rdquo; (1910), &amp;ldquo;Back to the Old Folks At Ho&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Flonja Kodheli</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/flonja-kodheli/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/flonja-kodheli/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Flonja Kodheli is an Albanian-born Belgian actress, musician, pianist and composer. Early life Kodheli was born in Tirana, Albania to parents who were both artists, as her mother Justina Aliaj was a well-known singer and actress and her father Pjerin Kodheli was a famous actor. Her brother Rubin is also associated with music and cinema being a composer for film and orchestra. The Kodheli family fled Albania in 1993 and settled in Belgium. Having played the piano since the age of eight, she pursued her studies at the Conservatoire Royal de Mons, where she received a first prize for piano and for chamber music. After finishing her studies at the Conservatoire, she became increasingly interested in acting, and attended various acting workshops in Brussels run by different Belgian filmmakers, in particular Frédéric Dumont, Yves Hanchar and Stephan Carpiaux. She attended a theatre workshop run by Boris Rabey, a professor at the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts, which led her to devote herself to acting, and she soon moved to Paris, France to pursue an acting career. In 2010, Kodheli played the sister of Ilir (Guillaume Gouix) in the film Beyond the Walls (Hors les murs) by David Lambert,&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Flor Roffé de Estévez</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/flor-roffe-de-estevez/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/flor-roffe-de-estevez/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Flor Roffé de Estévez (October 24, 1921 in Caracas – October 21, 2004 in Caracas) was a composer, writer, and professor of Venezuelan music. She came from a Jewish family, which migrated to the country at the beginning of the 20th century. Biography In 1937, she learnt to teach music at the School of Music José Angel Lick, where she learned piano from Moses Moleiro, musical theory from Eduardo Square, harmony from Antonio Estévez, and music history from Juan Bautista Square. In 1944, she studied music pedagogy at the New York Teacher&amp;rsquo;s College of the University of Columbia, and in 1945 at the Juilliard School of Music, and finally, at the New York Dalcroze School. She taught Dalcroze Eurhythmics (developed by Émile Jaques-Dalcroze (1865–1950)) at both the Normal School Gran Colombia and the High School of Music (now called the School of Music Juan Manuel Olivares). In 1958 she developed, on behalf of the Ministry of Education, seminars and workshops on the implementation of the music education program of the Ministry. From 1959 to 1963 she acted as National Minister of Education Supervisor. After a stay of several years in Paris, she founded in 1972, with the support of the Nationa&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence Ashton Marshall</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-ashton-marshall/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-ashton-marshall/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Ashton Marshall (Mrs Julian Marshall) née Thomas (30 March 1843 – 5 March 1922) was an English composer, conductor and author. Life She was born on 30 March 1843 in Rome, Italy, the daughter of Vicar Canon Thomas of All Hallows Barking by the Tower. Her sisters were the novelist Bertha Thomas (author of The Violin Player, 1880) and the clarinettist Frances Thomas (after 1843-1925). She studied (from the age of 30) at the Royal Academy of Music with William Sterndale Bennett, John Goss and G.A. Macfarren. Thomas married the businessman, writer, and music collector Julian Marshall on 7 October 1864 and had three daughters. She contributed to Grove&amp;rsquo;s Dictionary, although to a lesser degree than her husband, and published a set of 70 Solfège exercises in 1885. Her most successful composition, with a libretto by her sister Bertha, was the operetta Prince Sprite for treble voices, written in 1891 while she was Head of Music at Dulwich School and published by Novello. She later went on to help found a music school, the Hampstead Conservatoire. She was elected an associate of the Philharmonic Society and conducted the South Hampstead Orchestra for over 30 years. The orchestra was&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence Atherton Spalding</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-atherton-spalding/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-atherton-spalding/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Atherton Spalding (September 10, 1859 – December 13, 1933) was an American music teacher and a composer from Boston, Massachusetts. Early life She was born Florence A. Faxon in 1859, the daughter of Edward Faxon (1824–1886) and Eliza Otis Pope (1824–1869), a musically gifted and prosperous family with connections, that descended from Myles Standish and other colonial figureheads. Spalding grew up in an environment that played a big emphasis on musical composition. Her father was a member of the Handel and Haydn Society of Boston, and was an accomplished tenor singer, and later served as director. By profession, he was a dealer in the supplies of piano manufacture. Since her father was a key member of the Handel and Haydn Society, she would have witnessed the preparations for the celebrations marking the effective date of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, followed by the societies golden jubilee in 1865, which consisted of a five-day festival of nine concerts, employing a chorus of 700. Two years later the New England Conservatory of Music was established. At the age of nine her mother died. Her father remained in 1870 to Lucretia Eddy Holland. She focused h&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence Aylward</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-aylward/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-aylward/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Aylward (10 March 1862 – 14 October 1950) Aylward began composing at an early age, and her songs began to be performed at local concerts when she was 12. Family life Aylward married Harold Kinder, an architect, in 1881 in Rye, Sussex. *&amp;ldquo;Vitai Lampada&amp;rdquo; (1900, words by Henry Newbolt) References External links *Florence Aylward &amp;ldquo;The Window&amp;rdquo; from YouTube *The song &amp;ldquo;Aspiration&amp;rdquo; on The Art Song Project * &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.sophie-drinker-institut.de/aylward-florence&#34;&gt;https://www.sophie-drinker-institut.de/aylward-florence&lt;/a&gt; Markus Gärtner, Art. &amp;ldquo;Aylward, Florence&amp;rdquo;, in: Lexikon &amp;ldquo;Europäische Instrumentalistinnen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts&amp;rdquo;, hrsg. von Freia Hoffmann, 2011.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence Baschet</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-baschet/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-baschet/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Baschet (born 18 June 1955) is a French composer of contemporary music. Life Born in Paris, Baschet began her musical studies at the École normale de musique de Paris and at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome, then in musicology, in harmony and counterpoint in Paris. She entered the Conservatoire national supérieur musique et danse de Lyon in 1988 (SONVS department) where she studied musical composition and sound transformations by electroacoustic means. In 1991, she won the First prize in composition and computer music. She then took advanced courses at the Acanthes Center with Luigi Nono and then with Elliott Carter. In 1992, she joined the IRCAM as part of the composition and computer music curriculum. She then received numerous commissions, including from the IRCAM, Radio France, the Ensemble 2e2m and the Groupe de recherches musicales, the Festival Manca, the Festival Why Note and the Ensemble l&amp;rsquo;Itinéraire whose artistic director and composer Michael Levinas actively supported her work. She was appointed composer in residence at the M.I.A. and the from 2003 to 2005, then in 2005 in Dijon with the Ensemble L&amp;rsquo;Itinéraire and in 2006 at the Grame in Lyon. In&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence Everilda Goodeve</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-everilda-goodeve/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-everilda-goodeve/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Everilda Goodeve (24 May 1848 – 15 January 1916) was an English composer and lyricist, often credited as Mrs Arthur Goodeve. Early and personal life She was born Florence Everilda Knowlys in Heysham, Lancashire. Her father was nephew of Newman Knowlys and her mother was sister of Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood. She was the youngest of four sons and six daughters, one of whom died in infancy. wearing &amp;ldquo;a simple tulle veil&amp;rdquo; and attended by seventeen bridesmaids. She accompanied her husband to Calcutta, where he was an advocate in the High Court; they had five children. Music and art Florence evinced a musical talent at an early age and at the age of fourteen she wrote her &amp;ldquo;Glockenspiel Galop&amp;rdquo; and several songs. It was heard by Virginia Gabriel who persuaded her to have it published. Altogether she published about 70 songs. Some of her most popular were, &amp;ldquo;Ah, Well-a-Day,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;The Jovial Beggar,&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;Fiddle and I.&amp;rdquo; Her later compositions included &amp;ldquo;Song of the Rivers,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;In the Silver Years,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;I Would Not Love You Less,&amp;rdquo; &amp;ldquo;Row, Row,&amp;rdquo; a boating song, &amp;ldquo;If Thou Must Love Me,&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;The King&amp;rsquo;s Wooing,&amp;rdquo; a baritone song, written for Robert Watkin-Mills. Besides being a musician, Goodeve was an am&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence Maude Ewart</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-maude-ewart/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-maude-ewart/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Maude Ewart (16 November 1864c.8 November 1949) was an English violinist, music educator and composer who lived and worked in Australia. Biography Florence Donaldson was born in Kentish Town, London, the daughter of accountant Frederick William Donaldson and his wife Elizabeth Lewis. Ewart studied violin with John Carrodus and made her début as a violinist at age 14 at the Albert Hall, London. She won one of the first twelve Birmingham scholarships to the South Kensington National Training School, later the Royal College of Music, and continued her studies in Leipzig and Berlin with Joseph Joachim. After completing her studies, she worked in Birmingham as a conductor, violinist and music lecturer. In December 1898, she married Alfred James Ewart, whom she had met in Leipzig, at the parish Church of St. Paul, Oxford. The couple settled in Birmingham and had two sons born in 1900 and 1902. In 1906 the Ewart family moved to Melbourne, Australia, and a rheumatic condition ended Florence&amp;rsquo;s career as a violinist. In 1907 she served as co-conductor for the first Australian Women&amp;rsquo;s Work Exhibition, and won first prize for her composition &amp;ldquo;God Guide Australia&amp;rdquo;, an anthem with words&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence McPherran</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-mcpherran/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-mcpherran/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Kilbourne McPherran (February 1860 – August 19, 1921) was an American pianist and composer of popular tunes, based in Chicago, Illinois. Music By 1903, McPherran was well known in Chicago as a pianist and composer. Published works by McPherran included &amp;ldquo;The Spinning Song&amp;rdquo; (1900), &amp;ldquo;Sweet Barbara Dale&amp;rdquo; (1900), &amp;ldquo;I&amp;rsquo;s Got No Use Foh Show Folks&amp;rdquo; (1901, lyrics by Richard Hanch), &amp;ldquo;Eugenia Waltzes&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;Laughing Lucas: Characteristic March and Two-step&amp;rdquo; (1901), &amp;ldquo;The Sleeping Beauty and the Beast/I Only Know I Love You&amp;rdquo; (1902, lyrics by Gilbert Hollman), &amp;ldquo;I Wonder If &amp;lsquo;Twas Very Wrong?&amp;rdquo; (1902, lyrics by Gilbert Hollman), &amp;ldquo;Cuddle Up, Huddle Up: Ethiopian Lullaby&amp;rdquo; (1903, lyrics by Richard Hanch), &amp;ldquo;My Heart is Yours&amp;rdquo; (1903, lyrics by Richard Hanch), &amp;ldquo;When Love&amp;rsquo;s Dream was in Bloom&amp;rdquo; (1903, lyrics by W. L. Titus), &amp;ldquo;Under the Wire: March and Two-step&amp;rdquo; (1904), &amp;ldquo;One Thought of You&amp;rdquo;, &amp;ldquo;The Tale of the Snowflake&amp;rdquo; (1905), &amp;ldquo;Nedra: Waltzes&amp;rdquo; (1906), &amp;ldquo;La Zurita: Intermezzo Two-Step&amp;rdquo; (1907), &amp;ldquo;Fi-Fi: Novelette Two-step&amp;rdquo; (1907), &amp;ldquo;Dottie Dimple March and Two-step&amp;rdquo; (1907), and &amp;ldquo;Sunny Sue: A Coon Ditty&amp;rdquo; (1907, lyrics by Arthur J. Lamb). Several of her tunes were available on piano rolls. Personal life Floren&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence P. Rea</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-p-rea/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-p-rea/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Pauline Rea (5 June 1878 - 25 December 1924) was an American composer of many pedagogical works for piano and organ. Rea was born in Oakland, California, to Catherine Ford Rea and John Rea. Little is known about her education. She died in Evanston, Illinois. Arthur Music, and Clayton F. Summy Co. Her works for piano and organ include: *At the Organ *Descriptive Pedal Studies *Fairy Frolics (a collection) *Fall and Winter Holidays *Four Teaching Pieces *Hello Mr. Robin! *King Thrush *Linnet *Spring and Summer Holidays References External links *Listen to The Wood Nymph’s Harp by Florence P. Rea. *Download sheet music for The Wood Nymph’s Harp by Florence P. Rea. *Download a manuscript copy of Florence P. Rea’s At the Organ.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence Parr Gere</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-parr-gere/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-parr-gere/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Beatrice Parr Gere (April 25, 1875 – September 4, 1964) was a Canadian-born American pianist and composer. Early life Florence Beatrice Parr was born in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, the eldest child of Florence Robbins Parr and Henry Albert Parr. Her father was a dentist associated with the University of Pennsylvania Dental School; Dr. Parr&amp;rsquo;s varied career included espionage for the Confederacy during the American Civil War, and treating presidents Ulysses S. Grant and Chester A. Arthur. Florence Parr trained as a musician under Theodor Leschetizky and Isidor Philipp, and studied composition in Paris and Vienna, and in New York with Max Spicker. Career Gere wrote both music and lyrics for songs, with titles such as &amp;ldquo;A New World is Born&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;I Walked with Anguish in my Heart&amp;rdquo;. Gere&amp;rsquo;s songs were popular with concert singers in New York, including Johanna Gadski, Maggie Teyte, and Marguerite Namara. She also composed music for settings of poems by others, including a setting of John Keats&amp;rsquo; &amp;ldquo;The Devon Maid&amp;rdquo;. Composer Meta Schumann used Gere&amp;rsquo;s lyrics for her song &amp;ldquo;Thee.&amp;rdquo; She hosted gatherings of musicians at her New York home. In 1922 she spent six months in France and Switzerland,&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence Price</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-price/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-price/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Beatrice Price (née Smith; April 9, 1887 – June 3, 1953) was an American classical composer, pianist, organist, and music teacher. Born in Little Rock, Arkansas, Price was educated at the New England Conservatory of Music, and was active in Chicago from 1927 until her death in 1953. Price is noted as the first African-American woman to be recognized as a symphonic composer, and the first to have a composition played by a major orchestra. Price composed over 300 works: four symphonies, four concertos, as well as choral works, art songs, chamber music, and music for solo instruments. In 2009, a substantial collection of her works and papers was found in her abandoned summer home. Biography Early life and education Florence Beatrice Smith was born to Florence (Gulliver) and James H. Smith on April 9, 1887, in Little Rock, Arkansas, one of three children in a mixed-race family. Despite racial issues of the era, her family was well respected and did well within their community. She took piano lessons from her mother at the age of three and gave her first piano performance at the age of four; her first composition is published at the age of 11. She attended school at a Catholic&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florence Turner-Maley</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-turner-maley/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florence-turner-maley/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florence Turner-Maley (August 23, 1871 – January 3, 1962) was an American composer, singer, and teacher. Florence Turner was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, to William Hayward and Mathilde (Holwill) Turner. Her father had been a boy soprano. She attended the Hasbrouck Institute in New York She married actor Stephen Maley in 1901. and with conductors Edward Morris Bowman, Alfred Hallam, Victor Harris, and Arthur Mees. the Musicians Club of New York, and the New York Singing Teachers&amp;rsquo; Association. Her music is included on the following commercial recordings: *Edison 5839 (1917) *Columbia 77628 (1918) *Columbia 77735 (1918) *Edison 7224 (1920) *Edison 7521 (1920) *Columbia 80464 (1922) *Victor BVE-33610 (1925) *Victor BVE-37388 (1927) Turner-Maley&amp;rsquo;s music was published by Allen and Co., G. Schirmer Inc., Huntzinger and Dilworth, John Church Co., M. Witmark and Sons, and  Oliver Ditson and Co. *Hark! What Mean Those Holy Voices? *Pastoral (men&amp;rsquo;s choir) Songs *&amp;ldquo;A Call&amp;rdquo; *&amp;ldquo;Ah Sweet Is Tipperary in the Spring&amp;rdquo; *&amp;ldquo;Fields of Ballyclare&amp;rdquo; (text by Dennis A. McCarthy) *&amp;ldquo;God Grant Us Repose&amp;rdquo; *&amp;ldquo;In a Little Town Nearby&amp;rdquo; (text by Amy Ashmore Clark) *&amp;ldquo;Jesus, Thou Joy of Loving Hearts&amp;rdquo; (text by T. R.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florent Schmitt</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florent-schmitt/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florent-schmitt/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florent Schmitt (; 28 September 187017 August 1958) was a French composer. He was part of the group known as Les Apaches. His most famous pieces are La tragédie de Salome and Psaume XLVII (Psalm 47). He has been described as &amp;ldquo;one of the most fascinating of France&amp;rsquo;s lesser-known classical composers&amp;rdquo;. Biography Early life and career Born in Meurthe-et-Moselle, Schmitt took music lessons in Nancy with the local composer Gustave Sandré. At the age of 19 he entered the Paris Conservatoire, where he studied with Gabriel Fauré, Jules Massenet, Théodore Dubois, and Albert Lavignac. In 1900 he won the Prix de Rome. During the 1890s he became friendly with Frederick Delius, who was living in Paris at the time, and Schmitt prepared vocal scores for four of Delius&amp;rsquo;s operas: Irmelin, The Magic Fountain, Koanga and A Village Romeo and Juliet. From 1929 to 1939 Schmitt worked as a music critic for Le Temps, where he proved controversial. He was known to shout out his views from his seat in the hall. The music publisher Heugel called him &amp;ldquo;an irresponsible lunatic&amp;rdquo;. In November 1933, at a concert that included music by Kurt Weill, who had just been forced to leave Germany and was present, Schmitt l&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florentín Giménez</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florentin-gimenez/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florentin-gimenez/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florentín Giménez (14 March 1925 – 11 March 2021) was a Paraguayan pianist and composer. Biography Giménez was born in Ybycuí, Paraguarí Department. In his teens, he learned to play the drums and became a member of the Orchestra of Popular Music, directed by Severo Rodas. In 1945, at the age of 20, he learned to play the piano and became a pianist in Ramón Reyes’ Orchestra, where he stayed until 1947, when the Paraguayan Civil War forced him to leave the country and settle in Argentina. After the war, he returned to Paraguay and formed his first orchestra, “Ritmos de América” (America’s Rhythms). In 1950, he formed the 14-member orchestra “Florentín Giménez y su típica Moderna”, which featured singers Oscar Escobar, Juan Carlos Miranda, Carlos Centurión, and Jorge Alonso. The group toured extensively in Argentina. During this same period, he formed an orchestra dedicated solely to folk music. Because of his protests against the government, Giménez was labeled a communist and arrested in 1953. He was jailed for several months. Upon his release, he signed a contract to play with his orchestra in more than 80 Brazilian cities, but the government refused to allow him to leave the count&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florentine Camerata</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florentine-camerata/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florentine-camerata/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Florentine Camerata (), also known as the Camerata de&amp;rsquo; Bardi, were a group of humanists, musicians, poets and intellectuals in late Renaissance Florence who gathered under the patronage of Count Giovanni de&amp;rsquo; Bardi to discuss and guide trends in the arts, especially music and drama. They met at the house of Giovanni de&amp;rsquo; Bardi, and their gatherings had the reputation of having all the most famous men of Florence as frequent guests. After first meeting in 1573, the activity of the Camerata reached its height between 1577 and 1582. While propounding a revival of the Greek dramatic style, the Camerata&amp;rsquo;s musical experiments led to the development of the stile recitativo. In this way it facilitated the composition of dramatic music and the development of opera. Membership The term camerata is entirely a new construct coined by the members of Bardi&amp;rsquo;s circle, although apparently based on the Italian word for &amp;ldquo;chamber&amp;rdquo;, camera, a term used for a room where important meetings were held. The name for Bardi&amp;rsquo;s group comes from Giulio Caccini&amp;rsquo;s score for Euridice, wherein he dedicates the work to Count Bardi, remembering the &amp;ldquo;Camerata&amp;rsquo;s good years.&amp;rdquo; The earliest recorded meeting was 14 Januar&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florian Fricke</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florian-fricke/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florian-fricke/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florian Fricke (23 February 1944 – 29 December 2001) was a German musician who started his professional career with electronic music, using the Moog synthesizer, and was a founding member of the Krautrock band Popol Vuh. Early life Born on 23 February 1944, to an affluent Bavarian family, on the Lindau island of Lake Constance, Germany, situated where Germany, Switzerland, and Austria meet, Fricke started playing the piano as a child. He studied piano, composition, and conducting at Conservatories in Freiburg and Munich. While in Munich, at 18, he began exploring avant-garde music such as free jazz. Garry Scott related that the two young men &amp;ldquo;shared similar ideas and beliefs&amp;rdquo; and &amp;ldquo;dreamed of changing the world.&amp;rdquo; Fricke appeared in the small part of an unnamed pianist in the 1968 movie Signs of Life, Herzog&amp;rsquo;s first, which was shot in Greece. Fricke subsequently edited the soundtracks of several Herzog&amp;rsquo;s movies, among which were Nosferatu: Phantom of the Night, starring Klaus Kinski and Bruno Ganz; Aguirre, the Wrath of God; and, Heart of Glass. In Herzog&amp;rsquo;s 1974 film The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser, Fricke made a cameo appearance as a blind pianist named &amp;ldquo;Florian.&amp;rdquo; Popol Vuh One day, in&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florian Hermann</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florian-hermann/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florian-hermann/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florian Hermann (18221892, , name is also spelled as Florian Herman, Florian German, Florjan Herman) was a composer of German-Polish origin active in the Russian Empire. Although he authored many works, Hermann is primarily notable as an author of the melody used in the music for the well-known Russian song &amp;ldquo;Dark eyes&amp;rdquo; (the composer wrote his opus as &amp;ldquo;Valse hommage&amp;rdquo;, Op. 21). Very little is known about Hermann, Russian publications occasionally describe him as a French or Austrian composer. Hermann&amp;rsquo;s work as a composer spans 1870s1890s, according to the list available in a catalog by A. Gutheil (his company was later acquired by Éditions Russes de Musique), the earliest known publications are from A. Büttner in St. Petersburg. Hermann&amp;rsquo;s other best-known composition is &amp;ldquo;Rêverie russe, Op. 2&amp;rdquo;. &amp;ldquo;Valse hommage&amp;rdquo; became famous as &amp;ldquo;Dark Eyes&amp;rdquo; after an arrangement in the Gypsy style by S. Gerdal (1884); the popular rendition belongs to Adalgiso Ferraris (ca. 1910). References Sources * *&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florian Johann Deller</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florian-johann-deller/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florian-johann-deller/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florian Johann Deller (bapt. 2 May 1729 in Drosendorf, Lower Austria – 19 September 1773 in Munich) was an Austrian composer and violinist. Life In 1751 he was a violinist at the court orchestra in Stuttgart. There he studied with Niccolo Jommelli. Later he became assistant to the ballet master Jean Georges Noverre and composed operas and ballets. In 1769 he was appointed Concertmaster and Hofcompositeur. In 1771 he moved to Vienna. Deller died in 1773 in the monastery of the Brothers of Mercy in Munich. His compositional output consists mostly of operas, ballet music, sonatas and minuets. He enjoyed in his lifetime a high reputation as a composer. His works have been greatly appreciated, by, among others Mozart and Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart. Many of his works are considered lost. Works * Operas ** Il tamburo notturno, 1765 ** Le Contese per amore, 1770 ** Il Maestro di Capella, 1771 ** La contadina nelle corte ** 5 other Comic Operas * Ballets **Admète et Alceste (Noverre), Stuttgart, 1761 **La mort d&amp;rsquo;Hercule (Noverre), Stuttgart, 1762 **Orfée et Euridice (Noverre), Stuttgart, 1763 **Der Sieg des Neptun (Noverre), Stuttgart, 1763 **Apollon et Daphne (Lauchery), Kassel, 1&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florian Leopold Gassmann</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florian-leopold-gassmann/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florian-leopold-gassmann/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florian Leopold Gassmann (3 May 1729 – 21 January 1774 ) was a German-speaking Bohemian opera composer of the transitional period between the baroque and classical eras. He was one of the principal composers of dramma giocoso immediately before Mozart. He was one of Antonio Salieri&amp;rsquo;s teachers. Life and career Gassmann was born in Brüx, Bohemia, and was most likely trained by Johann Woborschil, the local chorus master. His father was a goldsmith who may well have opposed his son&amp;rsquo;s choice of a musical career. From 1757 until 1762, he wrote an opera every year for the carnival season in Venice, and was also appointed choirmaster in the girls&amp;rsquo; conservatory in Venice in 1757. Many of the librettos he set were by the renowned Venetian playwright Carlo Goldoni. In 1763 he was called to Vienna as court ballet composer, and was held in great affection by Emperor Joseph II. In 1764 he was appointed chamber composer to the Emperor, and in 1772 court conductor. In 1766 Gassmann met up-and-coming young Antonio Salieri in Venice, invited him to return with him to Vienna and taught him composition using Johann Joseph Fux&amp;rsquo;s textbook Gradus ad Parnassum. Salieri remained in Vienna, and succeeded Ga&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florica Racovitză-Flondor</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florica-racovitza-flondor/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florica-racovitza-flondor/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florica Racovitză-Flondor (also Racoviță; 13 November 1897 - 7 February 1983) was a Romanian composer and pianist who composed vocal and instrumental works, including at least five operettas. Some of her works were inspired by Romanian folklore. Racovitză-Flondor was born in Rogojești, in Austria-Hungary’s Duchy of Bukovina. to Maria Ciuntu and Tudor Flondor. Her father was a politician, composer and conductor. She married Brigadier General Aurel Racovitză in 1924 Later, she studied composition in Bucharest. Her teachers included Mihail Jora, Eusebius Mandyczewski, Joseph Marx, Emil Sauer, and Richard Stöhr. Racovitză-Flondor belonged to the American Society of Composer, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). Her compositions were published by Editions Musicales and included: Operettas *Lita the Fish Eater *Santa Claus *Peasant Wedding (libretto by Vasile Alecsandri) *Pentecost *Remnant Organ *Chorale *Prelude Piano *Burlesque *Caprice *Dance *From Children’s Life (Suite) *Fugues in f minor and G Major *Improvisation *Noveletta *Prelude and Fugue in c minor *Sonata in f minor *Song Without Words *Source in the Woods *Three Intermezzi *Three Preludes *Three Romanian Dances *Three Studies&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Florizel von Reuter</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florizel-von-reuter/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/florizel-von-reuter/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Florizel von Reuter (21 January 1890 – 10 May 1985) was an American-born violinist and composer, a child prodigy who went on to an adult career, mainly in Germany, as distinguished soloist and teacher of violin. He was also a psychic and medium and the author of several books on his alleged mediumistic communications with deceased musicians, and other works. Early life Born on 21 January 1890, Florizel Reuter at Davenport, Iowa, U.S., he was the son of Jacob and Grace Reuter. His father was a musician and minor composer. Florizel had his first violin lessons with his mother. He showed extraordinary talent at a very young age, and went to London to study in 1899. He was taught by Max Bendix, Emile Sauret (who had also taught his father Jacob), César Thomson and Henri Marteau. In 1901 he graduated from the Geneva Conservatory, where there was a debate as to whether he should be allowed to graduate (presumably owing to his age). Several teachers refused to graduate any other pupils unless he was approved, and so the matter was settled. His first professional concert was at La Chaux-de-Fonds in Switzerland in 1900. After giving 30 concerts in that country he began to tour in America, w&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Floy Little Bartlett</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/floy-little-bartlett/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/fl/floy-little-bartlett/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Floy Little Bartlett (January 1, 1883 – March 7, 1956) was an American composer. She wrote many compositions, with one of them appearing in the 1930 sound version of the 1925 silent film The Big Parade. Bartlett also wrote a book for children in 1931 titled The Busy Book. Early life Bartlett was born in 1883 to Esther Palmer Little and Dr. George Little in Burlington, Iowa. She attended the Congressional Church in Burlington, where her brother played the organ for 35 years. At 23 years old, Bartlett traveled to Paris to study the violin, and after her trip she was a concert violinist. She married Sidney F. Bartlett of Burlington when she was 25 years old, and the two of them later moved to LaGrange, Illinois. After a move to New York, their son Jack was born, and their daughter Miriam was born six years later. In 1935, she received an honorary degree in music from Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois. Career On March 20, 1917, the Asbury Park Press said that Bartlett is &amp;ldquo;one of the most talented of America&amp;rsquo;s women composers&amp;rdquo; about her later performing at the First M.E. Church. Bartlett sang some of her songs that were for children at the church. On February 14, 1920, Buffalo Evening&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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