Fritz Heinrich Klein

Fritz Heinrich Klein (2 February 1892 – 12 July 1977) was an Austrian composer. Life and music Klein was born in Budapest. He was a student of Alban Berg and the inventor of the all-interval twelve-tone row. He studied with Schoenberg from 1917 to 1918, with Berg from 1918 to 1924, and prepared the piano-vocal score for Berg’s Wozzeck and the piano score of Berg’s Chamber Concerto. Klein’s twelve-tone theories, which he refers to as “extonal”, appear to originate independently of Schoenberg’s as with Josef Matthias Hauer’s, and these claims as well as frequent stylistic changes helped to exclude him from the Second Viennese School, though Klein’s theories where highly influential on Alban Berg. Klein considered his piece for two pianos, Die Maschine: Eine extonale Selbstsatire The Machine: An Extonal Satire , Op. 1 (1921) the first in which a twelve-tone row appears along with its retrograde, inversion, and transposed forms. An all-interval row is a tone row arranged so that it contains one instance of each interval within the octave, 0 through 11. For example, the first all-interval row, by Klein: F, E, C, A, G, D, A, D, E, G, B, C. In integers this row is represented as 0 e 7 4 2