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		<title>RU on Music Theory Print</title>
		<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/</link>
		<description>Recent content in RU on Music Theory Print</description>
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				<title>Ruben Liljefors</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruben-liljefors/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruben-liljefors/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruben Mattias Liljefors (30 September 1871 – 4 March 1936) was a Swedish composer and conductor, brother of the artist Bruno Liljefors. Life Liljefors was born and died in Uppsala. He also studied in Uppsala with Ivar Eggert Hedenblad until 1895, and subsequently in Leipzig with Salomon Jadassohn until 1899. Later he attended the Stockholm Conservatory. He completed his education with Felix Draeseke, Max Reger, and Hermann Ludwig Kutzschbach. From 1902 to 1911, he conducted the choir and orchestra of the Gothenburg Philharmonic Society. Afterwards, he moved to Gävle to conduct the Gävleborg County Orchestra between 1912 and 1931; he also served as a music teacher at the Gävle higher general secondary school during this time. He composed a symphony, a concert overture, a festival overture, an orchestral suite, a piano concerto, a violin sonata, many choral works and songs. One of his best-known pieces is the Swedish Christmas carol När det lider mot jul. His son, Ingemar Liljefors, was also a successful composer, and his grandson, Mats Liljefors, is a well known conductor and violinist. Works (selection) Orchestra * Overture in C Minor, WoO (1897) * Symphony in E flat Major, Op. 14&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruben Radica</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruben-radica/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruben-radica/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruben Radica (19 May 1931 – 28 July 2021) was a Croatian composer. Biography He was born in Split, Yugoslavia, and acquired a music grounding from his grandfather, the composer Josip Hatze. At the Zagreb Academy he graduated from the conducting class of Slavko Zlatić (1957) and from the composition class of Milko Kelemen (1958). In addition he attended classes in Siena, Paris and Darmstadt, given by Vito Frazzi, René Leibowitz, Olivier Messiaen, György Ligeti, Pierre Boulez and Henri Pousseur. Career Radica taught at the Sarajevo Music Academy from 1959 to 1963, and then joined the faculty of the Zagreb Academy of music, lecturing in musical theory. As a composer, Radica&amp;rsquo;s early style was essentially neo-classical; in the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Nikša Gligo instances the compositions in Četiri dramatska epigrama (Four Dramatic Epigrams, 1959), and the Concerto abbreviato (1960). Gligo comments that some of Radica&amp;rsquo;s later works, with a focus on the relation between speech patterns and &amp;ldquo;motivic musical ideas&amp;rdquo;, have a style reminiscent of Janáček and early Stravinsky. References External links *&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruben Sargsyan</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruben-sargsyan/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruben-sargsyan/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruben Sargsyan, also seen as Sarkisyan (; November 22, 1945 – April 6, 2013 ), was an Armenian composer, laureate of the State Award of Armenia, professor of the Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory. Biography Ruben Sargsyan was born in Yerevan, Armenia, in the family of scientist agronome Suren Sargsyan. He first began to study at the Sayat-Nova Music School, then continued his education at the Romanos Melikian Music College. At the second year of college education he has been recommended and transferred to the music composition class of the Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory, where he studied with professor Ghazaros Saryan. He graduated from the Conservatory in 1972 and became a member of the Composers&amp;rsquo; Union. In 1973-1985 Ruben Sargsyan has been teaching Music Theory and Solfege at the Yerevan Music School No.10. In 1987-2013 he has taught Music Composition and Modern Composition Technology at the Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory. In 2004 became a Professor of Music. In 1994 Ruben Sargsyan, along with other modern Armenian composers and musicologists, established the Armenian Musical Assembly, non-governmental, non-for-profit organization, intended to promote and support modern&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rubin Goldmark</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rubin-goldmark/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rubin-goldmark/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rubin Goldmark (August 15, 1872 – March 6, 1936) was an American composer, pianist, and educator. He is best known as the teacher of other important composers, including Aaron Copland and George Gershwin. Early life Rubin Goldmark was born in New York City in 1872, a nephew of composer Karl Goldmark, and of Jewish heritage. Return to the United States After the conclusion of his studies in Vienna, Goldmark returned to United States. From 1891 to 1893 he taught piano and music theory at the National Conservatory of Music in New York City. While in New York, Goldmark also studied composition with Antonín Dvořák and piano with Rafael Joseffy. Goldmark moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado, hoping to improve his poor health, Upon Goldmark&amp;rsquo;s return to New York in 1902, he focused much of his energy on teaching. Over the 30-year period that Goldmark remained in New York he gave over 500 lectures on music, music theory, and composition, while continuing to compose. He was also the founder and frequent speaker at The Bohemians, a New York musicians&amp;rsquo; club. In 1924, Goldmark became the head of composition at the recently opened Juilliard School of Music in New York City. Musical works Goldmark&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruby Reynolds-Lewis</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruby-reynolds-lewis/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruby-reynolds-lewis/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruby Reynolds-Lewis (13 November 1881 – 13 December 1964) was an Australian composer. Her work &amp;ldquo;Foxhunt&amp;rdquo; was entered in the music event in the art competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics. She was the only Australian artist to compete in the Olympic arts competitions held from 1912 to 1948. Reynolds-Lewis dedicated her 1919 composition &amp;ldquo;Cradle Song&amp;rdquo; to artist and musician George Hyde Pownall. Although named a &amp;ldquo;song&amp;rdquo;, it was described as a piano solo and no words were published. She was a member of the Austral Salon during the 1930s. Personal life Born in South Yarra, Victoria, Australia, on 13 November 1881, In November 1901, she married Thomas Griffith Lewis at St Luke&amp;rsquo;s, South Melbourne. Her husband died in 1920, leaving her to provide for their four children, Hilary, Tom, and twins Valmai and Valerie. Selected compositions * &amp;ldquo;The Voice&amp;rdquo; * &amp;ldquo;Cradle Song&amp;rdquo;, 1919 * &amp;ldquo;Retrospection&amp;rdquo; * &amp;ldquo;Playing the Game&amp;rdquo;, 1923 * &amp;ldquo;Foxhunt&amp;rdquo;, 1924 * &amp;ldquo;Wattle Gold&amp;rdquo;, 1930 * &amp;ldquo;Honey Babe&amp;rdquo;, 1956 References External links * Sheet music for &amp;ldquo;The Voice&amp;rdquo; by Ruby Reynolds-Lewis from the National Library of Australia&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudi Gfaller</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudi-gfaller/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudi-gfaller/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudi Gfaller (10 November 1882 – 11 February 1972) was an Austrian operetta composer and singer. Born in Vienna, he began his career as an actor and singer and appeared in various provincial theatres in Germany. In 1906, he composed the first of his twelve operettas. Gfaller was married to the operetta singer Therese Wiet and often appeared with her in Leipzig where the couple were based for most of their careers. In 1943 he retired to their house in Bad Ischl where he died at the age of 89. Life and career Gfaller was born in Vienna, the son of a restaurant proprietor. He began acting in children&amp;rsquo;s roles at the Carltheater in the suburbs of Vienna and then attended the Dorr&amp;rsquo;sche Theatre and Music School. As an adult he worked as an actor and tenor singer in musical theatre and operetta in various provincial theatres in Germany and in what is now the Czech Republic, including Rudolstadt, Wiesbaden, Darmstadt, Magdeburg, and Stralsund. In 1906, he composed his first operetta, Der Frühlingsonkel which premiered at the municipal theatre in Stralsund. He then relocated to Leipzig where he continued his career as an operetta singer. It was there that he met his future wife, the soprano&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudi Martinus van Dijk</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudi-martinus-van-dijk/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudi-martinus-van-dijk/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudi Martinus van Dijk (27 March 1932 – 29 November 2003) was a Dutch and Canadian composer of orchestral, chamber and vocal music. The voice of a highly original creator is heard in every Van Dijk music, regardless of his stylistic trends it favours. Béla Bartók noted that sources are less important in framing a composer&amp;rsquo;s achievement than how he uses them. What makes Van Dijk&amp;rsquo;s orchestral music at once beguiling and immediately recognisable as a personal expression is discernable on the smaller sound-scale of his chamber compositions. One of Van Dijk&amp;rsquo;s most notable characteristics, a purposeful firmness of the bass line, imbues his music with an unfailing sense of logical and expressive direction, even in the context of a highly inflected harmonic chromaticism. It would take a bold annotator to pin Van Dijk&amp;rsquo;s artistic origins down to one or other national or stylistic source. Van Dijk had unusual success blending an emotional intensity, at times evocative of the world of Austro-German expressionism, with a fascinating subtlety and indirectness of utterance suggestive rather of French affinities. From time to time, the analyst with a taste for such trouvailles may detect what seem&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudi Spring</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudi-spring/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudi-spring/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudi Spring (17 March 1962 – 28 December 2025) was a German composer of classical music, pianist and academic teacher. He also worked as a church organist and conductor. He was known for vocal compositions on texts by poets and his own, and for chamber music such as his three Chamber Symphonies. As a pianist, he played with several regular duo partners and made recordings of works by Bach and his sons, Schubert and Sibelius. He taught Lied interpretation at the Musikhochschule München from 1999. Life and career Born in Lindau on 17 March 1962, Spring received piano instructions from , starting in 1971. Composer Spring composed songs and song cycles, inspired by poems of Heinrich Heine and Hermann Lenz. His song cycle in four volumes Galgenliederbuch sets poems from Christian Morgenstern&amp;rsquo;s collection. He wrote a song cycles Nero lässt grüßen after Martin Walser&amp;rsquo;s monodram, So nah in der Ferne, setting poems by ), and a sequence of songs, Liederfolge für mittlere Singstimme und Klavier after poems by August Stramm, Else Lasker-Schüler, Ingeborg Bachmann and Jakob van Hoddis. Several of these works were recorded by Bayerischer Rundfunk, with singers such as Martina Koppelstetter. Pian&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudi Stephan</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudi-stephan/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudi-stephan/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudi Stephan (29 July 1887 – 29 September 1915) was a German composer of great promise who was considered one of the leading talents of his generation. * Opus 1 for Orchestra * Liebeszauber for baritone and orchestra, after Hebbel (1907, rev. 1911) * Music for Orchestra No. 1 (1910) * Grotesque for violin and piano * Music for Violin and Orchestra (1910, rev. 1913) * Music for Seven Stringed Instruments (2 violins, viola, violoncello, doublebass, harp and piano) (1907–11; unfinished revision for piano quintet, 1914) References External links * *&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Alberth</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-alberth/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-alberth/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Alberth (writing into the 1950s: Albert) (28 March 1918 – 29 May 1992 ) was a German conductor. Born in Frankfurt am Main, Alberth originally studied in composition at the Hoch Conservatory, however instead took up interest as a conductor and made his conducting debut in 1945. Alberth was strongly committed to contemporary music, in particular with the Bayerischer Rundfunk and conducted numerous world premieres at home and abroad. In the 1950s he collaborated with Olivier Messiaen in Paris and conducted the premiere of Messiaen&amp;rsquo;s composition Oiseaux exotiques in the Théâtre Marigny on 10 March 1956. In 1964 Alberth was appointed principal conductor of the Niedersächsisches Symphonie-Orchester in Hannover which he conducted until the dissolution of the orchestra at the end of the 1967/1968 concert season. Alberth has left numerous recordings in the BR archives, including his own works; commercial recordings are also available from Telefunken and the French Club de Disques. He is the author of a book in which he presents personal experiences and reflections on music: Da capo. Heiteres und Nachdenkliches aus meinem Musikerleben, Munich: Langen Müller 1980. Alberth died in Munic&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Bial</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-bial/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-bial/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Bial (26 August 1834 – 23 November 1881) was a German violinist, composer, conductor and theater director. Life Born in Habelschwerdt, Prussia, Bial received his musical education in Breslau, where he was employed at the age of 15 as the first violinist in the chapel of the local municipal theatre. He was Kapellmeister in Lübeck from 1854 to 1856, then made a concert tour to Australia as a violin virtuoso together with his brother Karl, became Kapellmeister in 1864 at August Conradi&amp;rsquo;s place at Wallner-Theater in Berlin and from 1876 to 1879 was the director of the Krollschen Theater, whose repertoire he refined by cultivating German and Italian operas. In the latter year he moved to New York. There he led a concert band and died at the age of 47. His brother Karl Bial (1833-1892) worked as a piano virtuoso, composer and music teacher in Berlin. He left behind several pieces for piano and songs. Work Among Rudolf Bial&amp;rsquo;s partly popular compositions (in total 130 numbers) his operetta Der Herr von Papillon (1868) had the greatest success. * 1872: Die Mottenburger, burlesque with music * 1874: Mein Leopold, burlesque with music (singing burlesque in three acts), premiere 28 Sept&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Braun (composer)</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-braun-composer/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-braun-composer/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Braun (21 October 186930 December 1925) was an Austrian pianist and composer who was born congenitally blind. He was born and died in Vienna. Very little is recorded of Braun&amp;rsquo;s early life. He was educated at the School for the Blind. He earned his living nearly exclusively from music and at the age of 12, he gave a performance as a pianist at a concert of the Vienna Men&amp;rsquo;s Choral Society. On 3 March 1896 he gave a concert of his own compositions. Gustav Mahler premiered Braun&amp;rsquo;s Marionettentreuse at the Vienna Court Opera on 17 October 1906, to excellent reviews. In 1925 the title of Professor was bestowed on him. In 1923 Arnold Schoenberg used his influence to obtain financial assistance for some struggling composers, including Braun, Alban Berg, Anton Webern and Josef Matthias Hauer. Braun wrote seven works for the one-armed pianist Paul Wittgenstein, including a Piano Concerto in A minor for the Left Hand. This concerto was written in 1924 and was first performed on 12 December 1927, almost two years after his death, with Wittgenstein as soloist and Julius Lehnert conducting. The Concerto in A minor is the only concerto Braun wrote and is unique in the fact that the cadenza&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Dellinger</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-dellinger/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-dellinger/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Dellinger (8 July 1857 – 24 September, 1910) was a German Bohemian composer and Kapellmeister. He almost exclusively composed operettas and was considered to be among the most outstanding composers of his time. Born into a family of Bohemian of instrument makers in Graslitz, Dellinger received musical tuition early in life. He studied at the School of Music in Prague between 1874 and 1879, and later at the Prague Conservatory, where he was taught piano by, among others, Julius Pisarowitz. After completing his musical education, he took a position as a clarinettist in Brno in 1880, then worked as a Kapellmeister in Passau, Eger, Prague and Salzburg. In 1883, Dellinger moved to Hamburg, where he worked at the Carl-Schultze-Theater. He wrote his first operettas there, which also premiered in Hamburg. On 2 February 1886, Dellinger married Anna Maria Eppich, an Austrian singer. In 1893, Dellinger was employed as Kapellmeister of the Residenztheater in Dresden, where he worked until his death at the age of 53. Works Dellinger&amp;rsquo;s oeuvre includes: * 1885: Don Cesar – libretto by Otto Walther, adapted from Don César de Bazan by Philippe Dumanoir and Adolphe d&amp;rsquo;Ennery * 1886: Lorraine –&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Escher</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-escher/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-escher/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Escher (8 January 1912 in Amsterdam – 17 March 1980 in De Koog) was a Dutch composer and music theorist. He left compositions for chamber orchestra and orchestra, vocal and one electronic composition. Escher was also a poet, painter and writer. Biography Youth Escher was born the son of the geologist and mineralogist Berend George Escher and the Swiss Emma Brosy. His father was a son of the engineer George Arnold Escher and half-brother of the graphic artist Maurits Cornelis Escher. At the age of four, Escher moved with his family to Batavia, Dutch East Indies, where his father worked as a geologist for the Batavian Petroleum Company. His father was a good pianist and he gave the young Escher piano lessons. Study In 1922, five years later, they were back in the Netherlands, now in Leiden. Escher went to the Stedelijk Gymnasium Leiden and continued his piano lessons, now with Bé Hartz. He also played the violin and got harmony lessons. After four years he quit school. At first he could not choose between music, visual arts and letters but in 1929 he decided to become a composer. Next he wanted to go to the conservatoire in Cologne. The Dutch composer Peter van Anrooy advised&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Hindemith</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-hindemith/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-hindemith/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Hindemith, since 1951 officially Paul Quest, pseudonym Hans Lofer They made music together early. From age 10, Rudolf took cello lessons at Dr. Hoch&amp;rsquo;s Konservatorium in Frankfurt. a project of Gauleiter Hans Frank. Rudolf Hindemith died in isolation in 1974 in Neuperlach * Concerto I. A minor, Opus 14 * Concerto III. B minor, Opus 51 * Concerto IV. G major, Opus 65 * Concerto VI. D major, Opus 100 Recordings The Amar Quartet with Rudolf Hindemith as the cellist can be heard on a CD published by Arbiter in 2011, including the premiere recording of Bartók&amp;rsquo;s String Quartet No. 2. The Dreyer-Gaido label released three CDs, entitled Rudolf Hindemith Edition, between 2003 and 2010. In 2008, Stephanie Timoschek made a premiere recording of the complete piano works on 2 CDs for ORF. References External links * *&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Jettel</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-jettel/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-jettel/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Jettel (21 March 1903 – 23 November 1981) was an Austrian composer, clarinettist and academic teacher. Life and career Born in Vienna, Favoriten district, Jettel trained as an instrument maker and studied clarinet and composition at the then University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, among others with Viktor Polatschek (1889–1948). Jettel was solo clarinettist of the Vienna Philharmonic until 1968 and held a teaching position at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna from 1957 to 1977. His students included the later solo clarinettists of the Vienna Philharmonic and university professors Peter Schmidl and Horst Hajek, as well as the later solo clarinettist of the Vienna Symphony and the Berlin Philharmonic and university professor Alois Brandhofer. He was intensively engaged in the construction and development of woodwind instruments. He composed various chamber music, such as string quartets, wind quintets and sonatas. In particular, his fundamental pedagogical works for clarinet and saxophone are recognised in the professional world. Furthermore, he also wrote works for plucked instruments such as mandolins. Jettel died in Vienna at the age of 78. Composit&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Karel</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-karel/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-karel/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Karel (9 November 1880 – 6 March 1945) was a distinguished Czech composer. Biography Rudolf Karel was a son of a railway employee. He studied law at Charles University and then composition from 1899 to 1904 with Antonín Dvořák and organ with Josef Klička. When WWI started he was visiting Russia. He was arrested, but managed to escape. He joined Czechoslovak Legions and served as a conductor of their orchestra. In 1923 he became a professor at Prague Conservatory. During WWII he took part in the resistance and in March 1943 was arrested. After being interned and tortured at Pankrác prison for two years (1943–1945) Karel was sent to Theresienstadt prison. The conditions in the prison were dire and he became ill with dysentery and pneumonia. SS-Oberscharführer Stefan Rojko sent all ill prisoners outside in freezing cold to disinfect the cell. As a result Karel and 8 other prisoners died on 6 March 1945. Ih Pankrác and Theresienstadt he continued working. He composed five-act fairy-tale opera Three Hairs of the Wise Old Man, writing on toilet paper using pencil or medicinal charcoal. The 240 sheets containing a detailed sketch of the opera was secretly passed to a friendly warde&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Kelterborn</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-kelterborn/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-kelterborn/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Kelterborn (3 September 1931 – 24 March 2021) was a Swiss musician and composer. Life Born in Basel, Kelterborn studied in Basel, Detmold, Salzburg, and Zürich, among other places, with the composers Walther Geiser, Willy Burkhard, Boris Blacher, Günter Bialas, and Wolfgang Fortner. In his own teaching career, Kelterborn has served as a lecturer and professor at a number of music colleges in Germany and in Switzerland, where he directed the Basel Music Academy from 1983 to 1994. Kelterborn also headed the music division of Swiss German radio from 1974 to 1980. Farther afield, Kelterborn held guest lecturerships in the United States, England, Japan, China, and Eastern Europe. His works have been performed throughout Europe, the United States, and Japan, and he was also active as a conductor on the international scene. He died in Basel aged 89. Works Kelterborn&amp;rsquo;s oeuvre covers many different musical genres and includes five operas, orchestral works (some with solo instruments, voices, or electronics), chamber music, and vocal works. His four-act opera Der Kirschgarten inaugurated the newly rebuilt Zürich Opera House in 1984. References * Andreas Briner: Rudolf Kelterborn: Komp&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Maria Breithaupt</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-maria-breithaupt/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-maria-breithaupt/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Maria Breithaupt (11 August 1873 – 2 April 1945) was a German composer and music educator (piano). Life Born in Braunschweig, Breithaupt attended the grammar school in Braunschweig. He studied jurisprudence, then philosophy, psychology and art and musicology at the universities of Jena, Leipzig and Berlin. His teachers were the musicologists Hugo Riemann and Hermann Kretzschmar. At the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig, Breithaupt was a student of Robert Teichmüller, Salomon Jadassohn and Oscar Paul since 1897. Between 1904 and 1911 Breithaupt worked at the Humboldt University of Berlin and later, at least from 1919 to 1929, as piano teacher at the Stern Conservatory in Berlin. Breithaupt died in Ballenstedt at age 71. The &amp;ldquo;natural piano technique&amp;rdquo; In its physiological foundations, Breithaupt&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;natural piano technique&amp;rdquo; depends, in its explicit recognition, on the almost contemporary work of the physician and physiologist Friedrich Adolf Steinhausen. Breithaupt&amp;rsquo;s formula &amp;ldquo;don&amp;rsquo;t think about your fingers, don&amp;rsquo;t want to play with your fingers&amp;rdquo; effectively summarizes the fundamental principle of the weight technique in antithesis to the digital technique. The latter prescr&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Mauersberger</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-mauersberger/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-mauersberger/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Mauersberger (29 January 1889 – 22 February 1971) was a German choral conductor and composer. His younger brother Erhard was also a conductor and composer. Career After positions in Aachen and Eisenach, he became director of the renowned Dresdner Kreuzchor in 1930, a position he held until his death. In May 1933, Mauersberger became a member of the Nazi Party; there are strong indications though that he tried to minimize the influence of the NS-Ideology and in particular of the Hitler-Jugend onto the choir. He refused to stage NS-songs with the choir, and continued to perform the works of banned composers such as Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy and Günter Raphael, at least as late as 1938. Probably his most famous work is the motet Wie liegt die Stadt so wüst (How desolate lies the city), written after the destruction of Dresden in February 1945. The text is taken from the Lamentations of Jeremiah, verses 1,1.4.9.13; 2,15; 5,17.20–21. The work is often seen as a bemoaning of the destroyed city, but given the biblical context, it can also apply to the whole of Germany and her people, the destruction of the country being punishment for its iniquities. Mauersberger&amp;rsquo;s also reflects&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Mors</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-mors/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-mors/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Mors (16 July 1920 also broadcast by ZDF in the sixties, is still occasionally found on playbills today. In 1963, Mors changed to the position of a drama composer at the Bielefeld Theatre, where he could devote himself more to the composition of free works. In 1983, Mors was awarded the of the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe for his complete works. Mors died in Eisingen at the age of 68. Work The compositions by Mors include: Piano * Sonate für Klavier zu 4 Händen, WV 13 (1950) ca.12&amp;rsquo;, 1950 (Munich) * Steinigung, Fantasie für Klavier, WV 26a (1982) ca.11&amp;rsquo; (Konzertante Fassung des Balletts WV 26), 1983 (Bielefeld) * Sonate für Klavier, WV 42 (198?) (Fragment) (1. Satz vollendet; ca.3&amp;rsquo;), 1989 (Bielefeld) Organ * Orgel-Fantasie on H-C-A-B, WV 34 (1985) ca.6&amp;rsquo;, 1986 (Bielefeld) * Kleine Orgi-Suite for Organ, WV 38 (1987) ca.7&amp;rsquo;, 1987 (Bielefeld) Vocal music Choir with Orchestra * Symphonic Cantata after serious words by Christian Morgenstern for soprano and baritone solo, large choir and orchestra, WV 10 (1950) ca.25; first performed in 1963 by the under the conduct of Hans Jakob Haller. * Pater noster for mezzo-soprano solo, four- to six-part choir and orchestra, WV 27 (1983)&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Neuhaus</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-neuhaus/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-neuhaus/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Neuhaus (3 January 1914 − 7 March 1990) was a German conductor. Life Born in Cologne, Neuhaus studied at the Musikhochschule Köln, especially with Hermann Abendroth. From 1934 to 1944 he worked at . In 1937 he joined the Nazi Party. In 1945 he came to Schwerin and worked there as a conductor until 1953, and from 1950 he succeeded Hans Gahlenbeck as Generalmusikdirektor of the Mecklenburgische Staatskapelle. He became a member of the Christian Democratic Union (East Germany). In 1953 he was appointed conductor at the Staatsoper in Dresden and lecturer at the Musikhochschule Dresden. Guest conductors have taken him to the Staatsoper Berlin, the Leipzig Gewandhaus orchestra and the Konzerthausorchester Berlin. He was appointed professor in 1959. His students included and Udo Zimmermann. He conducted numerous world premieres and first performances. Neuhaus died in Dresden at thee age of 76. Awards * 1964: Kunstpreis der DDR * 1974: Vaterländischer Verdienstorden in Bronze * 1979: Vaterländischer Verdienstorden in Silber * 1984: Vaterländischer Verdienstorden in Gold * 1987: * 1989: . Publications * References Further reading * Grete Grewolls: Wer war wer in Mecklenburg und Vorpo&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Nováček</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-novacek/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-novacek/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Nováček (7 April 1860 – 11 August 1929) was a Czech composer, military conductor, and pedagogue. Life and career Rudolf Nováček was born to the conductor and Maria Hildebrand in the village of Bela Crkva (now Serbia). His younger brothers were the musicians Ottokar, and who with their father toured as the Nováček Family String Quartet. Rudolf Nováček studied at the Timișoara music school and then the Vienna Conservatory. He became conductor of 11th Battalion in the Austro-Hungarian Army and then a member of 12th Battalion. In 1884 he joined the Artistic Organization in Prague along with other significant Czech composers such as Antonín Dvořák, Zdeněk Fibich and Karel Bendl. In 1890 he became bandleader of the 1st Cavalry Regiment in Sofia and then from 1891 until 1895 in the Romanian Royal Guard in Bucharest. He worked as conductor and music teacher in many cities in Russia, Belgium, Netherlands and Germany. After the creation of Czechoslovakia, he had to become the director of the military school of the Czechoslovak Army. He died in 1929 in Prague after an operation. Major works Marches * Pochod 74. pluku (74er Defilier Marsch) * Benedek Jubiläums Marsch, 1879 * Defilir-Mar&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Tobias</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-tobias/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-tobias/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Tobias (29 May 1873 – 29 October 1918) was the first Estonian professional composer, as well as a professional organist. He studied at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. His compositions include among others piano works, string quartets and an oratorio, Des Jona Sendung (Jonah&amp;rsquo;s Mission) (1908, revised and premiered 1909, later reconstructed by Vardo Rumessen). Early life Rudolf Tobias was born in Selja, Käina Parish, on the island of Hiiumaa. He was the son of local parish clerk Johannes Tobias and his wife Emilie. Tobias received his first musical training from his father. Under his father&amp;rsquo;s tutelage, he began musical training at an early age and composing his first composition exercises from 1882 when he was 9 years old. In 1885 he entered the Haapsalu school and studied piano under Catharina von Gernet, a local pianist. After he graduated, Tobias moved with his parents to Kullamaa, where his father had become the parish clerk. In 1889 Tobias entered Tallinn Nicolai High School, where he passed the tutor&amp;rsquo;s exam and studied both organ and music theory with Ernst Reinicke, the Tallinn Cathedral organist. Gallery File:Tobias.IMG 0843.jpg Monument to Tobias in Haapsalu. File:&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolf Wagner-Régeny</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-wagner-regeny/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolf-wagner-regeny/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolf Wagner-Régeny (28 August 1903, Szászrégen, Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Reghin, Romania) – 18 September 1969, Berlin) was a composer, conductor, and pianist. Born in Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary, since 1920 Romania, he became a German citizen in 1930, and then East German after 1945. From 1919 to 1920 he studied at the Leipzig Conservatory. In 1920 he enrolled at the Berlin Hochschule für Musik as a student of Rudolf Krasselt and Siegfried Ochs for conducting, and for orchestration of Emil von Řezníček, and with Friedrich Koch and Franz Schreker for musical composition, graduating in 1923. He served as choirsmaster at the Volksoper Berlin from 1923 to 1925. In 1927 joined Laban&amp;rsquo;s dance company where he conducted productions for three years. Wagner-Régeny first gained notice as a composer with his theatre pieces for Essen. In 1929 he met the designer Caspar Neher, who wrote the texts for Wagner-Régeny&amp;rsquo;s best-known operas. In 1930 Wagner-Régeny became a naturalized German citizen, and married, his wife being half-Jewish. Between 1930 and 1945 he worked as a freelance composer and teacher, and with the rise of the Nazis was promoted by a fa&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolph Edward Schirmer Jr.</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolph-edward-schirmer-jr/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolph-edward-schirmer-jr/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolph Edward Schirmer Jr. (June 18, 1919 – Nov 19, 2000) was a composer, lyricist, poet, and the former chairman of the Board of G. Schirmer Music Inc., an American classical music publishing company. In World War II, he worked in the U.S. Military Intelligence Service during the war in a unit called the Ritchie Boys, which was a unit that consisted of German-speaking personnel for roles in counterintelligence in Europe, translating key information from German prisoners of war (POW), and related services. Starting in 1949, Schirmer was a prolific song writer for over 20 years. He occasionally used poetry by notable poets or books by notable authors as the lyrics for songs. In 1968, he wrote Hymn to the Americas (Himno a las Americas in Spanish) which was performed by the Washington National Symphony at the Fourth Inter-American Music Festival in 1968. Early life Rudolph Schirmer was the son of singer Ann Swinburne Munroe and Rudolph Edward Schirmer Sr., the previous publisher and president of G. Schirmer. His grandfather was Gustav Schirmer the founder of the G. Schirmer corporation. Rudolph E. Schirmer Jr. originally attended Princeton University. He later left Princeton during&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolph Reti</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolph-reti/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolph-reti/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolph Reti, also Réti (; November 27, 1885 – February 7, 1957), was a musical analyst, composer and pianist. He was the older brother of the chess master Richard Réti, but unlike his brother, Reti did not write his surname with an acute accent on the &amp;rsquo;e&amp;rsquo;. Biography Reti was born in Užice in the Kingdom of Serbia and studied music theory, musicology and piano in Vienna. Among his teachers was the pianist Eduard Steuermann, an eminent champion of Schoenberg and a supporter of modern music. Reti was in contact with Schoenberg at the time of that composer&amp;rsquo;s earliest atonal works, and in 1911 gave the first performance of his Drei Klavierstücke Op.11. Reti&amp;rsquo;s compositions have not remained in the repertoire, but he was an active composer and received a number of high-profile performances. At the end of the first International Festival of Modern Music in Salzburg, in 1922, his &amp;lsquo;Six Songs&amp;rsquo; were performed alongside Schoenberg&amp;rsquo;s Second Quartet; three years later, at the 3rd ISCM Festival in Prague, his Concertino for Piano and Orchestra shared a programme with Martinu&amp;rsquo;s &amp;lsquo;Half-Time&amp;rsquo; and Vaughan Williams&amp;rsquo;s &amp;lsquo;A Pastoral Symphony&amp;rsquo;. In 1938, his David and Goliath Suite was performed by Eduard va&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudolph von Procházka</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolph-von-prochazka/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudolph-von-prochazka/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolph Freiherr von Procházka (23 February 1864 – 24 March 1936) was a Czech lawyer, composer and music writer. He wrote under the pseudonym Leon Elms. Life Born in Prague (where he also died), he was from an old noble and landed family from the Czech lands. Even as a child he showed talent for music and poetry. He studied composition, violin and law in Prague. After initially working from 1888 in Eger and Asch, he held a variety of official positions in his home town. He was the founder and first president of the German Musical Academy. In 1893 he married singer and singing teacher Tonia Baronin Procházka, with whom he had Roman von Procházka. In 1910 he was appointed state music officer, as well as becoming vice president of the Royal and Imperial Examination Commission for Secondary School Music Teaching., government representative on the working committee for German folk songs in Bohemia, member of the panel of music experts in Prague and an active member of the Association for the Promotion of Music (Verein zur Förderung der Tonkunst). He was also a ministerial counsellor, royal-imperial district captain, officer with stadtholder-decree and a commissioner of the Cheb district&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudy Pérez</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudy-perez/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudy-perez/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudy Amado Pérez (born May 14, 1958) was a Cuban-born American musician, songwriter, composer, producer, arranger, sound engineer, musical director and singer, composed over 1,000 songs (over 300 of which have been number one or have reached the top 10 charts), and written and produced music for popular international artists such as Westlife, Natalie Cole, José Feliciano, Julio Iglesias, Luis Miguel, Raúl di Blasio, Jaci Velasquez, Cristian Castro, Christina Aguilera, Michael Bolton, Luis Fonsi, Marc Anthony, Jennifer Lopez, Il Divo, and Beyoncé. to Baptist parents. His grandfather was a Baptist minister. Pérez&amp;rsquo;s father, Rudy Amado, was a painter, who served as lieutenant in the army of Cuban former president Fulgencio Batista, and was imprisoned following the Cuban Revolution of 1959, due to his involvement in prior conflict with Castro&amp;rsquo;s communist forces. The remainder of his family consisted of his mother, Elsa Pérez, When Pérez was nine years old, his family emigrated to the United States, He began singing at age two. It is reported that he was able to sing in perfect tune After hearing the music of Frédéric Chopin&amp;rsquo;s pianist, He stayed in the group for five years and, at age tw&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudy Schrager</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudy-schrager/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudy-schrager/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudolph &amp;ldquo;Rudy&amp;rdquo; Noachim Schrager (28 August 190024 August 1983) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American composer, conductor, pianist, and organist. A native of Czernowitz, Bukovina, he immigrated to the United States with his parents when he was approximately 12 years old and spent his teenage years living in The Bronx. He was educated at Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan, the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, and the Hochschule für Musik in Berlin. He lived most of his life in L. A. and worked as a composer and conductor for radio, television, and film. His first film score was for the 1936 screwball comedy My Man Godfrey (1936) which he co-composed with Charles Previn. He was a prolific film composer during the 1940s into the year 1950; crafting works both alone and with others for most of the studios in Hollywood. After 1950 Shrager predominantly worked in television after being appointed music director of Lux Video Theatre which he led for much of the 1950s. He had previously worked on the radio program that series was adapted from, Lux Radio Theatre, from 1936 until the creation of the TV series. He was also known for his work as the pianist, organist, and compo&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rudy Toth</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudy-toth/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rudy-toth/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rudy Toth (16 December 1925 – 9 July 2009) was a Canadian composer, arranger, conductor, pianist, and cimbalom player of Slovak birth. As a composer he wrote works mainly for television and the radio, working frequently for the Canadian Broadcasting Company for over three decades. As a pianist he performed in a number of jazz and dance bands in Toronto and played for radio productions at the CBC. For many years he was active as a concert cimbalom player, appearing as a soloist with symphony orchestras in both Canada and the United States. Early life and education Born in Stare Karasnow, Czechoslovakia, Toth was the son of violinist and cimbalom maker Carl Toth and the elder brother of musicians Jerry Toth and Tony Toth. He was the only child in the family not born in Canada as the family emigrated to Windsor, Ontario, shortly after his birth. As a child he studied the cimbalom with his father. He studied at The Royal Conservatory of Music (RCM) during the 1940s where his instructors included Boris Berlin (piano), John Weinzweig (harmony), and Ettore Mazzoleni (conducting). He pursued further studies in conducting with Walter Susskind in Toronto and at the Tanglewood Music Center wi&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rued Langgaard</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rued-langgaard/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rued-langgaard/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rued Langgaard (; born Rud Immanuel Langgaard; 28 July 1893 – 10 July 1952) was a late-Romantic Danish composer and organist. His then-unconventional music was at odds with that of his Danish contemporaries but was recognized 16 years after his death. Life Born in Copenhagen, Rued Langgaard was the only son of composer and Royal Chamber musician Siegfried Langgaard and Emma Langgaard (née Foss), both of whom were pianists. At the age of five Rued began taking piano lessons with his mother, and later with his father and a private teacher. His talent emerged quickly, and at seven he was able to play Schumann&amp;rsquo;s Davidsbündlertänze and Chopin&amp;rsquo;s mazurkas. By then he had begun to compose short pieces for the piano and play the organ. At 10 he began to study the organ under Gustav Helsted, organist at the Jesuskirken in Valby, and the violin under Chr. Petersen, formerly of the Royal Orchestra. At the age of 11 he made his first public appearance as an organist and improviser on the organ at a concert at the Frederikskirken (Marmorkirken) in Copenhagen. When he was 12, he started to study music theory under C. F. E. Horneman and, later, Vilhelm Rosenberg. Langgaard&amp;rsquo;s first compositions, 2&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruggero Leoncavallo</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruggero-leoncavallo/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruggero-leoncavallo/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruggero (or Ruggiero) Leoncavallo (23 April 18579 August 1919) was an Italian opera composer and librettist. Throughout his career, Leoncavallo produced numerous operas and songs, but it is his 1892 opera Pagliacci that remained his lasting contribution, despite attempts to escape the shadow of his greatest success. Today Pagliacci continues to be his most famous opera and one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the operatic repertoire. His other notable compositions include the song &amp;ldquo;Mattinata&amp;rdquo;, popularized by Enrico Caruso, and, to a lesser extent, his version of La bohème which, however, was overshadowed by Puccini&amp;rsquo;s highly successful opera of the same name. Biography The son of Vincenzo Leoncavallo, a police magistrate and judge, Leoncavallo was born in Naples, at the time the capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, on 23 April 1857. As a child, Leoncavallo moved with his father to the town of Montalto Uffugo in Calabria, where he lived during his adolescence. In 1868 he returned to Naples, where he eventually became a student at San Pietro a Majella Conservatory. From 1876 to 1877, he studied literature under the famed Italian poet Giosuè Carducci at the&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruggier Trofeo</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruggier-trofeo/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruggier-trofeo/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruggier Trofeo (c. 1550 – 19 September 1614) was an Italian composer and organist. His name is sometimes rendered as Ruggiero De Trofeis. Trofeo appears to have been a native of Mantua; an anthology of music by natives of that city contains one madrigal by him, and in his 1589 book of canzonette he is described as being a &amp;ldquo;Mantuan&amp;rdquo;. He was most likely a pupil of Francesco Rovigo, as several of the older composer&amp;rsquo;s works were at one point combined with his own for publication. He served as organist of the Mantua Cathedral during the winter of 1576/77, acting as deputy for Annibale Coma. By 1587 he had become the organist of the Basilica palatina di Santa Barbara, in the same city. In May of that year, Trofeo was seriously wounded in an encounter with his patron, Guglielmo Gonzaga, over a woman. Musicologist David Mason Greene describes the incident thus: In 1587, Duke Guglielmo found him in a back street chatting with a woman whose company he deemed unfitting for a church organist, and when Trofeo told him to mind his business, the duke punctured him to a considerable depth with his sword. What the duke was doing in a back street, history does not say, and he died three months later&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruggiero Giovannelli</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruggiero-giovannelli/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruggiero-giovannelli/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruggiero Giovannelli (c. 1560 – 7 January 1625) was an Italian composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras. He was a member of the Roman School, and succeeded Palestrina at St. Peter&amp;rsquo;s. Life He was born in Velletri, near Rome. It has been claimed that he was a student of Palestrina, but there is no documentary evidence of this; stylistic similarities between their music, and an obvious close career association, make it a reasonable assumption. Not much is known about Giovannelli&amp;rsquo;s life until 1583 when he became maestro di cappella at San Luigi dei Francesi, a post which he held until 1591, at which time he went to the Collegio Germanico. In addition to these posts he was maestro di cappella for Duke Giovanni Angelo of Altaemps, at his private chapel, probably concurrently with his other jobs. He also sang, and served in various administrative posts. Giovannelli&amp;rsquo;s most important appointment was as the replacement for Palestrina as the maestro di cappella at the Julian Chapel at St. Peter&amp;rsquo;s, on 12 March 1594, a position which he held until 1599, when he became a singer at the Sistine Chapel. In 1614 he became maestro di cappella at the Sistine Chapel, and he retired in 16&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rui Massena</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rui-massena/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rui-massena/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rui Manuel Massena da Silva Pereira (born 26 December 1972) is a Portuguese conductor, composer and pianist. He has also worked on television. Life and career Rui Massena was born on 26 December 1972 in Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto District, Portugal. His maternal grandfather played the Coimbra guitar, his mother sang and his father played the piano. In his musical education Rui Massena learned to play the piano and the violin, studied at the Vilar de Paraíso Academy and graduated in Orchestra Conducting in the class of conductor Jean-Marc Burfin at the National Superior Academy of Orchestra in Lisbon. After completing his degree, he perfected his training in Italy with Gianluigi Gelmetti and in France with Cristhian Manem. He also studied with Robert Delecroix, Pascal Rophé and Jean Sébestian Béreau. He studied piano with Hugo Berto Coelho, Teresa Monteiro, Maria José Morais and violin with Bogumila Burfin. Since 2000, Rui Massena, the artistic name by which he is known, has been artistic director and titular maestro of the Orquestra Clássica da Madeira, in Funchal; and since 2005 he has been the pedagogic director of the Conservatório Escola Profissional das Artes da Madeira (CEPAM)&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Runtown</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/runtown/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/runtown/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Douglas Jack Agu (born 19 August 1989), known by his stage name Runtown, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, and producer. His music blends Afrobeats, hip-hop, R&amp;amp;B, and reggae. He first gained recognition after releasing the 2014 single &amp;ldquo;Gallardo&amp;rdquo;, which features vocals by Davido. His 2016 single &amp;ldquo;Mad Over You&amp;rdquo; peaked at number 38 on the Billboard Twitter Top Tracks chart. Early life Runtown was born on 19 August 1989 in Enugu the capital city of Enugu State in the southeastern region of Nigeria but grew up partly in Abuja the federal capital territory of Nigeria and in Lagos State in southwestern Nigeria, where he finished his primary education. After his father&amp;rsquo;s death, he moved to Abuja with his mother, who was working in the Ministry of Health. Music career 2010–2014: Early Beginnings and Breakthrough Runtown began his music career in 2007 when he and longtime collaborator Phyno moved to Lagos to pursue music. The pair stayed with J. Martins and worked on his second studio album, with Runtown both collaborating and producing several songs. Through J. Martins, he met Timaya, who later mentored him and influenced his development as an artist. During this time, Runtown continued to&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rupert Gregson-Williams</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rupert-gregson-williams/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rupert-gregson-williams/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rupert Gregson-Williams (born 12 October 1966) is an English composer, conductor, and music producer best known for his film and television scores. His filmography includes Hotel Rwanda, for which he was awarded the European Film composer award, Hacksaw Ridge, Wonder Woman, Aquaman and its sequel, Over the Hedge, Bee Movie, Abominable, Back to the Outback, Made of Honor, The Holiday, The Legend of Tarzan, and numerous films from Adam Sandler&amp;rsquo;s Happy Madison Productions. In addition, he composed music for the video game Battlefield 2: Modern Combat and for television series including Veep, Catch-22, and The Crown. Educated at choir school, Lancing College, and St John&amp;rsquo;s College, Cambridge, he is the younger brother of film composer Harry Gregson-Williams. He is a member of Hans Zimmer&amp;rsquo;s Remote Control Productions team of composers. He has received a nomination for two Primetime Emmy Awards and is a recipient of a BMI Award and a European Film Award. Filmography Feature films 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s TV Video games Awards References External links *&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruperto Chapí</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruperto-chapi/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruperto-chapi/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruperto Chapí y Lorente (27 March 1851 – 25 March 1909) was a Spanish composer, and co-founder of the Spanish Society of Authors and Publishers. Biography Chapí was born at Villena, the son of a local barber. At just nine years old, he joined the Música Nueva band (current Villena Municipal Band) where he would soon become a virtuoso and of which he would end up being director at only 15 years old. He would gain some fame as an interpreter in the surroundings of the Moors and Christians Festival of Villena, also being highly sought after in those of other nearby towns. In the Valencian-speaking towns, to the north and northeast of Villena, he was popularly known as &amp;ldquo;el xiquet de Villena&amp;rdquo; and they continually disputed hiring him, given his brilliance. He continued training in his home town and in Madrid when he was 16 years old. He wrote many symphonic, band, choral and chamber works, as well as zarzuelas and operas, becoming, alongside Tomás Bretón, a fellow pupil of Emilio Arrieta at the Madrid Conservatory. He was one of the most popular and important composers of his time. He wrote zarzuelas in all shapes and sizes, including the three-act zarzuela grande and the one-act género&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Russell Alexander</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/russell-alexander/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/russell-alexander/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russell Alexander (February 26, 1877 – October 1, 1915) was an entertainer and composer, active primarily with vaudeville shows and musical comedy organizations. Alexander was born in Nevada, Missouri, and became a euphonium virtuoso who joined the circus band of Belford&amp;rsquo;s Carnival at the age of 18. At 20, he became arranger and euphonium soloist with the Barnum &amp;amp; Bailey Circus Band and toured Europe from 1897 to 1902. Following his tour with Barnum &amp;amp; Bailey, Alexander worked in a novelty musical vaudeville act with his brothers. Although his compositional output was relatively small, he is considered a great composer of marches. He wrote 33 marches, 6 galops, and several overtures, novelties, and other works. For part of his career he worked in acts with his brothers, Newton and Woodruff. On July 20, 2015, a memorial plaque honoring Alexander was unveiled on the Main Street Stage in Liberty, New York, just a short distance from the Old Town Cemetery in which Alexander is buried. The ceremony included a performance of seven Alexander works. Works Unless noted, his works were published by C. L. Barnhouse Co., to whom Alexander&amp;rsquo;s widow sold the rights to his music shortly after his d&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Russell Atkins</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/russell-atkins/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/russell-atkins/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russell Atkins (February 25, 1926 – August 15, 2024) was an American poet, playwright and composer from Cleveland, Ohio, known primarily for his contributions to avant garde poetry. He was born Russell Phillip Kelly, on February 25, 1926, in Cleveland, Ohio, to Perry Kelly and Sarah Harris, but was adopted by three women named Mamie Belle Atkins, Willie Mae Allen and their mother. He was raised on Cleveland&amp;rsquo;s east side and resided in the family home until 2010. He later moved to an assisted living facility and then to a nursing home named Algart Healthcare on the city&amp;rsquo;s west side until his death. Biography Trained as a musician and visual artist, Atkins studied at Cleveland College, Cleveland Music School Settlement, Cleveland Institute of Music, Karamu House, and Cleveland School of Art. His plays The Abortionist and The Corpse debuted in 1954. Following this, he founded Free Lance, A Magazine of Poetry and Prose in 1950 with his friend, Adelaide Simon, with the first issue containing an introduction by Langston Hughes. It attracted writers from all over the world, leading the now-defunct Black World to call it &amp;ldquo;the only Black literary magazine of national importance in existence.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Russell Shaw (composer)</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/russell-shaw-composer/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/russell-shaw-composer/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Russell Shaw is a BAFTA-nominated British composer and sound designer. He is known for his work in many video games, particularly those designed by Peter Molyneux. Biography and career Shaw was exposed to music at the age of five, when he was given a guitar by his uncle. He trained himself in music playing in various bands through late 1970s to early 1980s. Although he had an interest in playing music, he wanted to be a record producer. After training at SAE London in the mid-1980s, he was hired by Gerry Anderson (of Thunderbirds fame) as his recording studio manager, recording sound for various television shows. His first project was the soundtrack for Black &amp;amp; White. A fan of ambient techno, Black &amp;amp; White was followed by 2004&amp;rsquo;s Fable. Danny Elfman was brought in to compose the theme music, and Shaw was asked to do more traditional orchestral ingame score that would more fit Elfman&amp;rsquo;s dark fairytale-styled theme music. The Fable soundtrack was successful, with IGN saying &amp;ldquo;It really couldn&amp;rsquo;t have been a better score&amp;rdquo; and GameSpot calling out the audio as &amp;ldquo;quite possibly the best part of the game&amp;rdquo;. After his success with Fable, Shaw went on to compose the soundtracks for Fable II, Fab&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Russell Woollen</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/russell-woollen/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/russell-woollen/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Charles Russell Woollen (January 7, 1923, Hartford, Connecticut – March 16, 1994) was an American keyboard artist and composer. With composers Robert Evett (1922–1975), and Robert Parris (1924–1999), he was a key figure in what might be considered a &amp;ldquo;Washington School&amp;rdquo; of composers, as termed by Irving Lowens, that flourished in the 1960s and 1970s. His many compositions, both vocal and instrumental, have been performed throughout the United States and Europe. Music career Woollen began his musical training with piano lessons at the age of six. Many of his relatives were active in the church choir, and within a few years he was accompanying them in family sing-alongs. This early connection with the Catholic Church and choral music made his high school choice of the Pius X, a minor seminary in New York City, a natural one. &amp;ldquo;There he signaled his intention to study for the priesthood with a focus on liturgical music.&amp;rdquo; During this period, he spent a summer working with Father Franz Wasner at a music camp in New Hampshire and studied organ with Ernest White at the Anglican Church of St. Mary the Virgin in New York. Later, Woollen moved to Washington to complete his studies for the prie&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rutger Gunnarsson</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rutger-gunnarsson/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rutger-gunnarsson/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Johan Rutger Gunnarsson (12 February 1946 – 30 April 2015) was a Swedish musician, bass guitarist, guitarist, arranger and producer. He was closely associated with the pop group ABBA. Career Gunnarsson grew up in Ledberg parish. His career began with Björn Ulvaeus in the Hootenanny Singers. He went on to work with ABBA, playing on all their albums and participating in their tours. He later worked on several musicals and musical events, including: Chess, Les Misérables, Rhapsody In Rock, 007, Mamma Mia! and Diggiloo. Gunnarsson also arranged strings and played bass for others, including Celine Dion, Westlife, Elton John, Lee Hazlewood, Adam Ant, and Bobbysocks. He produced and arranged music for artists such as Gwen Stefani, Elin Lanto, Joyride, and Alla Pugacheva. References External links * *Anders Hanser: Rutger Gunnarsson. Bass Player, December 2000, p. 18&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Rutger Hoedemaekers</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rutger-hoedemaekers/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/rutger-hoedemaekers/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Rutger Hoedemaekers (born 1976) is a Dutch composer and producer. Career Early life and career Hoedemaekers&amp;rsquo; interest in music was first sparked when he started making electronic compositions on a Commodore Amiga 500 as a pre-teen and became part of the demoscene. A few years later, he worked as an ambient and techno producer within the emerging Dutch electronic music scene. He subsequently enrolled in the Royal Conservatory in The Hague, but left after one year and started working with rock bands instead, gaining experience in writing and producing. About&amp;rsquo;s debut album Bongo was released on Jason Forrest&amp;rsquo;s Cock Rock Disco label in 2006. For live shows, Hoedemaekers was joined on stage by Marg van Eenbergen. In 2007, Hoedemaekers co-produced an album for an indie rock band Voicst alongside Peter Katis (Interpol, The National) and joined the band as a keyboard player. In the same year, Rutger moved to Berlin to start a modular studio in Kreuzberg together with two friends. This studio became a creative hub for composers like Jóhann Jóhannsson, Dustin O’Halloran and Hildur Gudnadottir. 2011–2015: Bart Constant In Berlin, Rutger started his second solo project under the name Bart Cons&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Almén</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-almen/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-almen/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth Sofia Almén (pen name Runar Alm; 24 September 1870 – 19 November 1945), was a Swedish composer, pianist, teacher, author and poet. She published a number of compositions, including nine songs, piano and violin sonatas, and a concerto for piano and orchestra. She also published a collection of poetry, journal articles, and children&amp;rsquo;s stories. Biography Almén was born in Solberga rectory, Kålltorp, Bohuslän on 24 September 1870. Her father was a vicar. She also studied piano with Richard Andersson in Stockholm, Knut Bäck in Gothenburg, Heinrich Barth in Berlin, and Robert Lortat in Paris. She published a collection of poems in 1895, Vid synranden, under the name Runar Alm, a pseudonym she continued to use until 1904. Almén also published children&amp;rsquo;s stories and articles. Almén died in Johanneberg, Gothenburg, in 1945. Musical work Almén&amp;rsquo;s compositions are in the late romantic style, and include two piano sonatas, a violin sonata, piano pieces and nine songs, as well as a concerto for piano and orchestra. Her piano sonata op. 2, violin sonata and a group of songs were performed in the Salle Pleyel in Paris on 8 June 1921, and at the Gothenburg Concert Hall on 20 January 1922. * So&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Anderson (composer)</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-anderson-composer/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-anderson-composer/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Evelyn Ruth Anderson (March 21, 1928 – November 29, 2019) was an American composer, orchestrator, teacher, and flutist. Biography Evelyn Ruth Anderson was born March 21, 1928, in Kalispell, Montana. She was a composer of orchestral and electronic music. Her extensive education spanned two decades, and was spent at eight different institutions. Throughout this time, Anderson was the recipient of a multitude of awards and grants, including two Fulbright awards (1958–60) to study composition with Darius Milhaud and Nadia Boulanger in Paris. After completing her education, Anderson spent time as a freelance composer, orchestrator, and choral arranger for NBC-TV, and later for Lincoln Center Theater. Post-secondary education * 1949 — Bachelor of Arts, magna cum laude, University of Washington * 1951 — Master of Arts, University of Washington * 1958–60 — studied with Darius Milhaud and with Nadia Boulanger at The American School at Fontainebleau whose works have been released on the Opus One label, Charles Amirkhanian&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;pioneering&amp;rdquo; LP anthology New Music for Electronic and Recorded Media (1977), New World/CRI, Arch Records, and Experimental Intermedia (XI). Further work was released on&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Barrett</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-barrett/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-barrett/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth Barrett (born 1976) is a British film score composer. Her film score credits include Harry Brown, The Durrells, Collateral, Legacy, Law &amp;amp; Order: Organized Crime, and Victoria. For her work on Victoria, Barrett was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series. Early life and career Barrett was born in Roehampton, London in 1976. She became interested in film and television music at a very young age while watching 1980s reruns of 1970s American television shows. She cites 1978s The Incredible Hulk, Queen&amp;rsquo;s 1980 Flash Gordon Soundtrack, and a number of commercials broadcast throughout the 1980s as childhood inspirations that piqued her interest in music. In her early teens she began improvising compositions around classical pieces with piano teacher and early mentor Nigel Crouch. Ruth went on to study music at Cambridge University, and then music composition at the Royal Academy of Music in London. She broke into the television industry composing for advertising pitches. Her first full time role was in post-production for ITV, which allowed her to build key relationships with producers and directors, while gaining practical experience compos&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Bodenstein-Hoyme</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-bodenstein-hoyme/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-bodenstein-hoyme/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth Bodenstein-Hoyme (13 March 1924 – 11 January 2006) was a German composer and piano teacher. Life Hoyme was born in Wurzen as the second daughter of the commercial gardener Walter Hoyme. She attended the elementary school and later for some years the state high school of the city. Against her father&amp;rsquo;s will she took piano lessons. At the age of nine she had her first composition exercises. Through many countless performances, which she often reached overland on her own bicycle, she had saved up her own piano over the years. After high school she graduated from the Frauenfachschule für Hauswirtschaft in Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth. A fortunate circumstance brought her together in 1940 with the Leipzig pianist Elisabeth Knauth (b. 1894), who gave her inspiring piano and music theory lessons. She also encouraged Hoyme to study piano and prepared her for the entrance examination at the Leipzig Conservatory. She passed this examination in 1941, but she had to spend an unavoidable year of work in Stettin before she could begin her studies in 1942. Since Germany was at war, however, she had to work as a locksmith in the armaments industry. She therefore interrupted her studies until 1946.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Crawford Seeger</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-crawford-seeger/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-crawford-seeger/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth Crawford Seeger (born Ruth Porter Crawford; July 3, 1901 – November 18, 1953) was an American composer and musicologist. Her music heralded the emerging modernist aesthetic, and she became a central member of a group of American composers known as the &amp;ldquo;ultramodernists&amp;rdquo;. She composed primarily during the 1920s and 1930s, turning towards studies on folk music from the late 1930s until her death. Her music influenced later composers including Elliott Carter. She is best known for her String Quartet (1931), which is &amp;ldquo;regarded as one of the finest modernist works of the genre&amp;rdquo;. Early life Ruth Crawford Seeger was born Ruth Porter Crawford on July 3, 1901, in East Liverpool, Ohio, the second child of Methodist minister Clark Crawford and Clara Crawford (née Graves). The family moved several times during Crawford&amp;rsquo;s childhood, living in Akron, Ohio, St. Louis, and Muncie, Indiana. In 1912, the family moved to Jacksonville, Florida, where Clark died of tuberculosis two years later. After her husband&amp;rsquo;s death, Clara opened a boarding house and struggled to maintain her family&amp;rsquo;s middle-class lifestyle. Ruth began writing poetry at an early age and as a teenager had aspirations to become a&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Gipps</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-gipps/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-gipps/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth Dorothy Louisa (&amp;ldquo;Wid&amp;rdquo;) Gipps (21 February 1921 – 23 February 1999) was an English composer, oboist, pianist, conductor and educator. She composed music in a wide range of genres, including five symphonies, seven concertos and many chamber and choral works. She founded both the London Repertoire Orchestra and the Chanticleer Orchestra and served as conductor and music director for the City of Birmingham Choir. Later in her life she served as chairwoman of the Composers&amp;rsquo; Guild of Great Britain. She was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1981 Birthday Honours for services to music. Life and career Early life and education Gipps was born at 14 Parkhurst Road, Bexhill-on-Sea, England in 1921 to (Gerard Cardew) Bryan Gipps (1877–1956), a businessman, English teacher in Germany, and later an official at the Board of Trade who was a trained violinist from a military family, and Hélène Bettina (née Johner), a piano teacher from Basel, Switzerland. They married in 1907, having met at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt, where Hélène had trained and went on to teach, and where Bryan had gone against his family&amp;rsquo;s wishes to study the violin. Ruth Gipps had tw&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Lomon</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-lomon/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-lomon/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth Lomon (7 November 1930 – 26 September 2017) was a Canadian-American classical composer. Life and career A native of Montreal, Canada, she was born in Montreal and died in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She attended le Conservatoire de Quebec and McGill University. She continued her studies with Francis Judd Cooke at the New England Conservatory of Music and later with Witold Lutosławski at Dartington College in England. In 1951, she moved to the United States and became interested in the music of the American Southwest and the Indigenous peoples from that region. In 1998, Lomon became Composer/Resident Scholar at the Women&amp;rsquo;s Studies Research Center, Brandeis University. She composed an oratorio, Testimony of Witnesses, for vocal soloists, chorus and orchestra. She was the recipient of a grant from the Hadassah International Research Center (now the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute) for this work. She was commissioned by the Pro Arte Chamber Orchestra, Boston to compose a trumpet concerto, Odyssey, for Charles Schlueter, principal trumpet of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. During 1995-96, Lomon was a fellow of the Bunting Institute, Radcliffe College, where she composed &amp;ldquo;Songs of Remembra&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Schönthal</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-schonthal/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-schonthal/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth Esther Hadassah Schonthal (June 27, 1924 – July 10, 2006) was an acclaimed classical composer, pianist, and teacher. Born in Germany, she lived in the U.S. for most of her life. After she moved to the U.S. she dropped the umlaut from the name Schönthal. She came to study composition at Yale University in 1946. After her marriage in 1950 she lived first in New York City and then in New Rochelle. Biography Ruth Schonthal was born in Hamburg of Viennese parents. At the age of five she began composing and became the youngest student ever accepted at the Stern&amp;rsquo;sche Konservatorium in Berlin. In 1935, Schonthal and her family were forced to leave Nazi Germany for Stockholm on account of her Jewish heritage. At the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in Stockholm, she studied composition with Ingemar Liljefors and piano with Olaf Wibergh. At the age of fourteen, she had her first sonatina published. In March 1941, three months before she would have been able to graduate, the family was once again forced to flee as a result of the rising political tension. They traveled to a variety of places—Moscow USSR, then Japan—and finally to Mexico City. In 1942 she married Oscar Manuel Ochoa. Their s&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Shaw Wylie</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-shaw-wylie/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-shaw-wylie/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth Shaw Wylie (24 June 191630 January 1989) was a U.S.-born composer and music educator. She described herself as “a fairly typical Midwestern composer,” pursuing musical and aesthetic excellence but not attracting much national attention: “All good and worthy creative acts do not take place in New York City,” she wrote in 1962, “although most good and worthy rewards for creative acts do emanate from there; and if we can’t all be on hand to reap these enticing rewards we can take solace in the fact that we are performing good deeds elsewhere.” She was among the many twentieth-century American composers whose work contributed to the recognition of American “serious” music as a distinct genre. Biography Ruth Shaw Wylie was born in Cincinnati, Ohio and grew up in Detroit, Michigan, where she received her undergraduate degree and a master&amp;rsquo;s degree in music composition at Wayne State University (WSU). In 1939 she entered the doctoral program in music composition at the Eastman School of Music where she studied with Bernard Rogers and Howard Hanson. She was awarded the PhD in 1943 and took a position teaching at the University of Missouri where she stayed until 1949. In the summer of 1&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Tripp</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-tripp/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-tripp/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth Erskine Tripp (December 26, 1897 – May 1971) was an American composer, music critic, educator, and pianist. She administered the Works Progress Administration&amp;rsquo;s Federal Music Project (WPA FMP) in the state of Rhode Island from 1940 to 1943. Tripp was born in Dighton, Massachusetts, to Everett E. and Martha Erskine Tripp. She had three sisters: Martha, Elsie, and Gertrude. In 1903 the family moved to Central Falls, Rhode Island. Her teachers included May Atwood Anderson, Avis Bliven Charbonnel, and Ferdinand Motte-Lacroix. Tripp taught music at the Gordon School, a private school in Providence, for the Providence Journal-Bulletin for 27 years, and also worked as a church choir director and organist. She served as president of Rhode Island&amp;rsquo;s Federation of Music Clubs, and received awards from the American Symphony Orchestra League (today the League of American Orchestras) and the Music Critics Association. Tripp also participated in Rhode Island&amp;rsquo;s Chaminade Club. include: ;Chamber *Bergerette (flute and strings) ;Operetta *Rabbit&amp;rsquo;s Foot (lyrics by Grace Sherwood) *Songs of the Sea (with Grace Sherwood) *&amp;ldquo;Solitary Place shall be Glad&amp;rdquo; (text Isaiah 35:1-2-10) References&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth White (composer)</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-white-composer/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-white-composer/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth S. White (September 1, 1925 – August 26, 2013) was an American composer known for her electronic music compositions. While most of her career was dedicated to educational recordings, she is best known for being an electronic music pioneer, owing to her early explorations of sound using the Moog synthesizer. The back cover of her 1971 release Short Circuits stated that &amp;ldquo;Ruth White is considered among today&amp;rsquo;s most gifted arbiters of what is termed &amp;rsquo;the new music&amp;rsquo;&amp;rdquo;. Her early recordings 7 Trumps From the Tarot Cards and Pinions (1968), Flowers of Evil (1969), and Short Circuits (1970) all featured surprising uses of the Moog synthesizer as well as other electronic musical equipment. Biography Ruth White studied music and composition and received three degrees from Carnegie Tech in Pennsylvania. While she focused on classical training in Piano, she also studied violin, cello, harp, clarinet, and horn. Recognized as gifted early on, White eventually studied under American avant-garde composer George Antheil. White credits Antheil with making her fully aware of the principles of classical sonata form, which provided &amp;ldquo;the key to writing larger works that were logical and structurally&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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				<title>Ruth Zechlin</title>
				<link>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-zechlin/</link>
				<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<guid>https://musictheoryprint.com/composers/ru/ruth-zechlin/</guid>
				<description>&lt;div class=&#34;mtp-special-block&#34;&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Ruth Zechlin (22 June 1926 – 4 August 2007) was a German composer. Life Ruth Oschatz was born in Grosshartmannsdorf, where she began piano lessons at the age of five years, and wrote her first composition at the age of seven. From 1943 to 1949 she studied music theory with Johann Nepomuk David and Wilhelm Weismann, church music and organ with Karl Straube and Günther Ramin and piano with Rudolf Fischer and Anton Rohden at the Music Academy in Leipzig. After she completed the state exam, she worked at the academy for a year as a lecturer and also worked as a deputy organist at the Nikolai Church in Leipzig. In 1951 she married pianist Dieter Zechlin, and the marriage lasted until 1972 when the couple divorced. Zechlin gained lectureship in music theory at the German College of Music in Berlin in 1969, where she taught harpsichord and studied harmony, counterpoint, form, orchestration and composition. After 1970 she was professor of composition at the Academy of Arts and taught a master class in composition. After her retirement in 1986, Zechlin continued teaching as a visiting professor. Beginning in 1990, she was a member of the DDR Academy of Arts, Berlin and served as vice presid&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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