Bian lian

History#

Face-changing, or “bian lian” in Chinese, is an important part of Chinese Sichuan opera. Sichuan opera is one of the Han Chinese operas, popular in eastern and central Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou Province, and Yunnan Province. Sichuan Opera masks are the important part of the Sichuan Opera performing; they are treasures that the ancient opera artists work together to create and pass down. The secret of the face change has been passed down from one generation to the next within families. Traditionally only males were permitted to learn Bian Lian, the theory being that women did not stay within the family and would marry out, increasing the risk the secret would be passed to another family. Another female performer is Du Li Min, who teaches a workshop in Kuala Lumpur with her husband Bian Jiang. In 2003, Hong Kong pop star Andy Lau allegedly offered to pay Bian Lian master Peng Denghuai 3,000,000 yuan (ca. US$360,000) in order to learn the techniques. Although Lau did learn the techniques from Peng, both deny any money changed hands. Knowing the secret does not make it easy and thus far, Andy Lau has learned only how the masks are changed so quickly, but has not yet mastered the technique. Historically, Bian Lian had rarely been seen outside of China because non-Chinese were not permitted to learn the art form, but since the mid-2000s it has been performed occasionally in international mass media and at Chinese themed events. Juliana Chen performed on The World’s Greatest Magic television special with a brief black-light performance of Bian Lian. Michael Stroud, (as The Magique Bazaar) performed Bian Lian on America’s Got Talent. Bian Lian was also featured on Penn & Teller’s Magic and Mystery Tour. Since the cultural basis of the opera are not well known outside of China, international performers have been making efforts to inform and increase the entertainment value for Westerners who do not know the context and meaning of the different faces.

Four ways of face-changing#

;Blowing Dust () : The actor blows black dust hidden in their palm or close to their eyes, nose or mouth, so that it obscures their face. ;Beard Manipulation () : Beard colours can be changed while the beard is being manipulated, from black to grey and finally to white, expressing anger or excitement. ;Pulling-down Masks () : The actor can pull down a mask which has previously been hidden on top of their head, changing their face to red, green, blue or black to express happiness, hate, anger or sadness, respectively. ;Face-dragging () : The actor drags greasepaint hidden in their sideburns or eyebrows across their face to change their appearance.

See also#

• Quick-change (similar Western performance)
• Sichuan opera
• Music of Sichuan
• The King of Masks, a 1996 Chinese film directed by Wu Tianming

External links#

• BBC article about face changing artist He Hongqing with good video showing the speed of the changing
• An example of a performer at work