Bush ballad

Characteristics#

The songs tell personal stories of life in the wide open country of Australia. Typical subjects include mining, raising and droving cattle, sheep shearing, wanderings, war stories, the 1891 Australian shearers’ strike, class conflicts between the landless working class and the squatters (landowners), and bushrangers such as Ned Kelly, as well as love interests and more modern fare such as trucking. Although not technically bush ballads, there are also numerous sea shanties formerly sung by whalers and other sailors, as well as songs about the voyage made by convicts and other immigrants from England to Australia, which are sung in a similar style. While subject matter may be constant, musical styles differ between traditional and contemporary bush ballads. Exemplars of the traditional bush ballad style include Slim Dusty’s When the Rain Tumbles Down in July or Leave Him in the Long yard which have strong narrative in verses plus choruses set to a Pick n’ Strum beat. Contemporary bush ballads may employ finger picking and strumming rock styles.

History#

Australia’s musical traditions include the English, Scottish, and Irish folk songs of the convicts, as well as the work of pastoral poets of the 1880s. There was also a hymn singing tradition brought by missionaries in the 19th century. and the convict songs of those incarcerated on the island. They represent attempts to European cultural forms to the Australian environment. Later themes which endure to the present include the experiences of war, of droughts and flooding rains, of Aboriginality and of the railways and trucking routes which link Australia’s vast distances. Isolation and loneliness of life in the Australian bush has been another theme. For much of its history, Australia’s bush music belonged to an oral and folkloric tradition, and was only later published in print in volumes such as Banjo Paterson’s Old Bush Songs, in the 1890s. The songs often discuss the hardscrabble life and struggles of the Aussie battler. The songs are often ironic and humorous as with Paterson’s Beautiful Land of Australia chorus: “Illawarra, Mittagong, Parramatta, Wollongong. If you wish to become an ourang-outang, Then go to the bush of Australia.” The lyrics for “Waltzing Matilda”, often regarded as Australia’s unofficial national anthem, were also composed by Paterson in 1895. This strain of Australian country music, with lyrics focusing on strictly Australian subjects, is generally known as “bush music” or “bush band music”. The diversity in Australia has increased, but even in the 1920s Poncie Cubillo introduced the rondalla with their Filipino string band in Darwin. The ballad tradition has grown to include some of these influences including Chinese and Filipino. Beneath the Queensland Moon covers the life and death as a drover.

Public perceptions#

The genre is sometimes represented as unsophisticated, partially due to clichéd images and stereotypes. The genre has been influential and inspirational in theater and movies. Since the mid-20th century, bush songs have often been performed by bush bands, such as The Bandicoots or Franklyn B Paverty. Female bush balladeers have also been studied. A number of awards have been set up to recognize bush balladeers. Jeff Brown was nominated for a Golden Guitar Award in the Bush Ballad of the Year category for a song he recorded In the wings of the yard in 2008. Past winners of the Country Music Awards Australia Bush Ballad of the Year include Anne Kirkpatrick and Joy McKean. The Stan Coster Memorial Bush Ballad Award is presented in several categories. 2007 winners included Reg Poole for male vocalist of the year for ‘A Tribute To Slim’, Graham Rodger for Songwriter of the Year ‘The Battle of Long Tan’, and Dean Perrett for Album of the Year ‘New Tradition’ The publishers of the Balladeers Bulletin magazine also hold a “Bush Balladeer Starquest” competition. At the 2008 36th Country Music Awards of Australia held in Tamworth, Amos Morris became the youngest artist ever to win the Golden Guitar trophy for the Bush Ballad of the Year category with Sign of the Times.

Examples#

Some examples of popular bush ballad poems and songs include: Traditional: *“The Wild Colonial Boy” *“Click Go the Shears” *“Moreton Bay” The Bush Bards: *“Fair girls and grey horses”, by Will H. Ogilvie *“Freedom on the Wallaby” by Henry Lawson *“The Sick Stockrider” by Adam Lindsay Gordon *“Waltzing Matilda” by Banjo Paterson Modern writers and singers: *When the Rain Tumbles Down in July by Slim Dusty *Leave Him in the Longyard by Kelly Dixon (versions by Slim Dusty and Lee Kernaghan) *Three Rivers Hotel by Stan Coster (versions by Slim Dusty and John Williamson) *The Ballad of Camooweal sung by Slim Dusty *The Biggest Disappointment by Joy McKean (sung by Slim Dusty and Troy Cassar-Daley) *Mallee Boy by John Williamson *Diamantina Drover by Hugh McDonald (of Redgum)

Bush balladeers#

• Lex Banning (1921–1965)
• Barbara Baynton (1857–1929)
• Barcroft Boake (1866–1892)
• David Campbell (1915–1979)
• Stan Coster (1930–1997)
• C. J. Dennis (1876–1938)
• Slim Dusty (1927–2003)
• Edward Dyson (1865–1931)
• Warren Fahey (b. 1946)
• John Farrell (1851–1904)
• Adam Lindsay Gordon (1833–1870)
• Edward Harrington (1896–1966)
• Clive James (1939–2019)
• Henry Kendall (1839–1882)
• Henry Lawson (1867–1922)
• Will Lawson (1876–1957)
• Geoffrey Lehmann (b. 1940)
• Lionel Long (1939–1998)
• James McAuley (1917–1976)
• Dorothea Mackellar (1885–1968)
• Francis ‘Frank the Poet’ MacNamara (1810–1862)
• Harry ‘Breaker’ Morant (1864–1902)
• John Shaw Neilson (1872–1942)
• Will H. Ogilvie (1869–1963)
• Jack O’Hagan (1898–1987)
• Gordon Parsons (1926–1990)
• Banjo Paterson (1864–1941)
• Dean Perrett
• Gary Shearston (1939–2013)
• Kenneth Slessor (1901–1971)
• Charles Robert Thatcher (1830–1878)
• Shirley Thoms (1925–1999)
• Francis Webb (1925–1973)
• Buddy Williams (1918–1986)
• John Williamson (b. 1945)

Collectors of bush songs#

• Warren Fahey
• John Manifold (balladeer and collector)
• John Meredith
• Les Murray
• Banjo Paterson
• Bill Scott (balladeer and collector)

In other languages#

• Iain Eairdsidh MacAsgaill (1898–1934)

See also#

*Australian literature

External links#

• Bush Balladeers page
• Australian Bush Poets Association