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Flag anthem

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Flamenco

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Etymology#

Historically, the term flamenco was used to identify the Romani people (gitanos) of Spain. The English traveller George Borrow who travelled through Spain during the 1830s stated that the gitanos were also called Flemish (in Spanish, ‘flamenco’) due to German and Flemish being erroneously considered synonymous. According to flamencologist Cristina Cruces-Roldán, a year prior to Borrow’s account, there already existed a gitano party in Madrid that was clearly identified as flamenco. This equivalency between gitano and flamenco is also noted by Manuel Fernández y González, Demófilo, and the scholar Irving Brown who stated in 1938 that “flamenco is simply another term for gitano, with special connotations.” Other less successful hypotheses include those of Felipe Pedrell and Carlos Alemendros who state that while the term flamenco is Spanish for Flemish, it is actually synonymous with cantador (professional singer) in reference to the group of Flemish singers brought by Spanish King Carlos I in 1516. Another hypothesis that is not widely accepted is the Arabist theory of Blas Infante, which in his book Orígenes de lo flamenco (Origins of flamenco) presents flamenco as a phonetic deformation of Arabic fellah-mengu (runaway laborer) or was derived from the Arabic terms Felah-Mengus, which together mean “wandering peasant”. For example, in the 1860s-70s this versatility was exemplified through its use to refer to a musical style and a certain aesthetic, manners, and way of life that were perceived to be gitano. At that time, flamenco was not a strict genre but a way of performing music in a gitano-Andalusian style.

Flamenco in Japan

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

History#

Flamenco first came to Japan in the 1920s. Bailaora Antonia Mercé, La Argentina, toured Japan and purportedly delighted audiences with productions from the film El amor brujo and from Andalucía. The historical period of the 1920s in Japan was dominated by the Taisho Era (1912-1926), a short period of great importance. Japan had a great international weight, and so, participated in the Peace Conference held in Paris in 1919. During the Taisho democracy, restructurings were carried out and the emperor resumed his role as a legitimating figure. It was a period of revolutions, especially in the female figure. The modernity coming from Occident provoked a new generation of more liberal women who were interested in artistic activities, among which was flamenco. Spanish flamenco companies and flamenco masters, such as Pilar López, Antonio Gades, Manolo Vargas, Roberto Ximénez, Luisillo, Rafael Romero, Merche Esmeralda, El Güito or Paco de Lucia traveled to Japan, and its time of maximum expansion was in the late 1950s. In the 1950s, many Japanese students like Yasuko Nagamine, Yoko Komatsubara, Masami Okada, Shoji Kojima, among others, were the first bailaores (dancers) who travelled to Spain to deepen their learning.

Florida breaks

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Late 1980s – early 1990s#

The style emerged during the late ’80s at the Beacham Theatre in Orlando Genre pioneer Eddie Pappa, influenced by nights spent at the Beacham, honed his skill at The Edge when it opened in 1992. In 1993, it gained prominence state-wide and, propelled by large events at the Edge, elsewhere in the U.S. and Europe.

Mid-1990s popularity#

The Breaks influenced producers who mixed breakbeat with progressive and trance, producing a mixture that became known as “The Orlando Sound” or Florida breaks. There is only general consensus on the defining elements of the genre, which spawned regional and preference variations. The genre received limited local radio play in Central Florida on radio stations WXXL (106.7 FM) and on college radio WPRK (91.5 FM), as well as WUCF (89.9 FM), WFIT (89.5 FM on Space Coast), and WMNF (88.5 FM in Tampa).

Florida death metal

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Features of death metal#

Death metal is an extreme sub-genre of heavy metal music that features fast, distorted, down-tuned, and sometimes palm-muted guitar instrumentation, growled and screamed vocals, and hyper-fast, blast beat drumming. Death metal lyrics typically feature graphic, sometimes pornographic and misogynistic, themes of violence, gore, disease, and death; Satanic, blasphemous, and anti-Christian content; or, to a lesser extent, war, apocalypse, social and philosophical concerns, and esotericism and spiritualism. Through the work of producers such as Scott Burns, the raw, primitive sound of early bands transformed into a thicker, more brutal sound. and Glen Benton of Deicide also influenced the development of the death growl.

Flower-drum opera

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Origin#

Originating from songs, Huaguxi can be referred to as early as the reign of Emperor Jiaqing (1760 – 1820) of the Qing dynasty. At that time, the amateur Huaguxi players were mostly farmers. They dressed up in colorful clothes with their faces painted, singing and dancing along the street to celebrate the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) and Spring Lantern Festival. These singer-dancers were popular among the people in the countryside, leading to the development of Huaguxi as a theatrical form. The integrated story with songs and dance began during the early 19th century. At that time, there were only two roles: chou, a male clown, and dan, a young girl, both played by a man. Female players were not allowed until the early 20th century. In the 1860s, more roles, including dan, chou, and sheng—a handsome young man—were playing and the performance had developed a lot. The early Huaguxi lasted only 45 minutes to an hour, and the contents of the performances were mostly related to the rural life of the peasants. Some common scenes were paddling, carrying and loading soybeans. These plays were designed to express people’s hopes and wishes for love, life, and harvest. In the late 19th and 20th centuries, some Huaguxi performance groups began to move to Changsha, the capital of Hunan. Huaguxi then lasted for two to three hours. Stories also went beyond activities of daily life. Social satire, religious belief, and immoral behaviors began to be shown on the stage. More roles were included in the plays.

Flute concerto

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Baroque#

Michel Blavet *Concerto in A minor Jean-Marie Leclair *Concerto in C major, Op. 7, No. 3 (also for violin or oboe solo) Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (attributed) *Flute Concerto in G major *Flute Concerto in D major Johann Joachim Quantz (1697–1773) – composer of over 300 concertos for the flute. *Concerto in G major, QV 5:174 *Concerto in C minor *Concerto in G minor, QV 5:196 *Concerto in G minor, QV 5:206 Johan Helmich Roman (1694-1758) *Flute Concerto in G major, BeRI 54 Georg Philipp Telemann *Concerto in F major *Concerto in D major, TWV 51:D1 Antonio Vivaldi * Concerto in F major for Flute (La Tempesta di Mare), RV 433 (Op. 10, No. 1), RV 98 and RV 570 * Concerto in G minor for Flute (La Notte), RV 439 (Op. 10, No. 2) * Concerto in D major for Flute (Il Gardellino), RV 428 (Op. 10 No. 3) * Concerto in G major for Flute, RV 435 (Op. 10, No. 4) * Concerto in F major for Flute, RV 434 (Op. 10, No. 5) * Concerto in G major for Flute, RV 437 (Op. 10, No. 6) * Concerto in A minor for Flute, RV 440 * Concerto in D major for Flute, RV 429 * Concerto in C major for 2 Flutes, RV 533 * Concerto in D major for Flute, RV 783

Flute sonata

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

List of flute sonatas#

George Antheil
Sonata for flute and piano (1951)
Malcolm Arnold
Sonata for flute and piano, Op.121 (1977)
Claude Arrieu
Sonatina for flute and piano (1944)
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Sonata in A minor for solo flute (H. (Helm) 562/Wq. (Wotquenne) 132) (1747)
14 sonatas for flute and continuo
Sonata in G minor for flute and harpsichord, BWV 1020
Sonata in E-flat major for flute and harpsichord, BWV 1031
Sonata in C major for flute and basso continuo, BWV 1033
Johann Christian Bach
Sonatas for keyboard with flute or violin, Op. 16
Johann Sebastian Bach
Sonata in B minor for flute and harpsichord, BWV 1030
Sonata in A major for flute and harpsichord, BWV 1032
Sonata in E minor for flute and basso continuo, BWV 1034
Sonata in E major for flute and basso continuo, BWV 1035
Nicolas Bacri
Spring Sonata for flute and piano, Op. 147 (2018)
Arnold Bax
Sonata for flute and harp (1928)
Lennox Berkeley
Sonata for flute and piano (1978)
Ludwig van Beethoven (attributed)
Flute Sonata in B-flat major, Anh. 4
Mélanie Bonis
Flute Sonata in C-sharp minor, Op. 64 (1904)
Pierre Boulez
Sonatina for flute and piano (1946) (1 serial movement)
York Bowen
Flute Sonata, Op. 120 (1946)
Robert J. Bradshaw
Sonata No. 2 In My Collection for flute and piano
Jean Coulthard
Lyric Sonatina for flute and piano (1971)
Edison Denisov
Sonata for flute and piano (1960)
Sonata for flute and guitar (1977)
Sonata for flute solo (1982)
Sonata for flute and harp (1983)
Pierre Max Dubois
Sonata for flute and piano
Henri Dutilleux
Sonatine for Flute and Piano (1943)
Jindřich Feld
Sonata for flute and piano (1957)
César Franck
Sonata for Violin and Piano in A major (transcribed for flute) (1886)
Frederick the Great
121 sonatas for flute and continuo
Glenn Gould
Sonata for Flute and Piano (1950). (This work is an arrangement of Gould’s Sonata for Bassoon and Piano).
George Frideric Handel
Sonata for flute and basso continuo in E minor, HWV 359b
Sonata for flute and basso continuo in G major, HWV 363b
Sonata for flute and basso continuo in B minor, HWV 367b
Sonata for flute and basso continuo in A minor, HWV 374, Halle sonata No. 1 (authenticity uncertain)
Sonata for flute and basso continuo in E minor, HWV 375, Halle sonata No. 2 (authenticity uncertain)
Sonata for flute and basso continuo in B minor, HWV 376, Halle sonata No. 3 (authenticity uncertain)
Sonata for flute and basso continuo in D major, HWV 378
Sonata for flute and basso continuo in E minor, HWV 379
Hans Werner Henze
Sonatina for flute and piano (1947)
Paul Hindemith
Sonata for flute and piano (1936)
Bertold Hummel
Sonatina for flute and piano, Op. 107a (2001) http://www.bertoldhummel.de/english/commentaries/opus_107A.html
Johann Nepomuk Hummel
Sonata in D, Op. 50 (c1810–14)
Sonata in A, Op. 64 (c1814–15)
Philipp Jarnach
Sonatina for flute and piano, Op. 12 (1919)
Sándor Jemnitz
Sonata for flute and piano, Op. 27 (1930–31)
Paul Juon
Sonata for flute and piano in F, Op. 78 (1924)
Sigfrid Karg-Elert
Sonata for flute and piano in B flat, Op. 121 (1918)
Sonata Appassionata for flute solo in F sharp, Op. 140 (1917)
Charles Koechlin
Sonata for flute and piano, Op. 52 (1911–13)
Sonata for 2 flutes, Op. 75 (1918–20)
Three sonatines for solo flute, Op. 184 (1942)
Rachel Laurin
Sonata for flute and piano, Op. 29 (1995)
Jean-Marie Leclair
Sonata for flute and harpsichord No.1 in B major, Book 1, No.2
Sonata for flute and harpsichord No.2 in E minor, Book 1, No.6
Sonata for flute and harpsichord No.3 in E minor, Book 2, No. 1
Sonata for flute and harpsichord No.4 in C major, Book 2, No. 3
Sonata for flute and harpsichord No.5 in G major, Book 2, No. 5
Sonata for flute and harpsichord No.6 in B minor, Book 2, No. 11
Sonata for flute and harpsichord No.7 in E minor, Book 4, No. 2
Sonata for flute and harpsichord No.8 in G major, Book 4, No. 7
Dieter Lehnhoff
Sonata Porteña for flute and piano, Op. 35 (2013)
Bohuslav Martinů
Sonata for flute and piano, Halbreich 306 (1945)
Peter Mieg
Sonata for flute and piano (1963)
Darius Milhaud
Sonatina for flute and piano, Op. 76 (1922)
Ignaz Moscheles
Sonata for flute and piano in A, Op. 44 (1819)
Sonata for flute and piano in G, Op. 79 (1828)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Sonata in B-flat for keyboard with flute (or violin) and cello, K. 10
Sonata in G for keyboard with flute (or violin) and cello, K. 11
Sonata in A for keyboard with flute (or violin) and cello, K. 12
Sonata in F for keyboard with flute (or violin) and cello, K. 13
Sonata in C for keyboard with flute (or violin) and cello, K. 14
Sonata in B-flat for keyboard with flute (or violin) and cello, K. 15
Jules Mouquet
La Flûte de Pan, Sonata, Op. 15
Robert Muczynski
Sonata for flute and piano, Op. 14 (1961)
Gabriel Pierné
Sonata for flute and piano, Op. 36 (1900)
Willem Pijper
Sonata for flute and piano (1925)
Walter Piston
Sonata for flute and piano (1930)
Francis Poulenc
Flute Sonata, Schmidt 164 (1956–7)
Sergei Prokofiev
Flute Sonata in D, Op. 94 (1943)
Einojuhani Rautavaara
Sonata for flute and guitar (1975)
Carl Reinecke
Undine, Flute Sonata, Op. 167 (1882)
Ferdinand Ries
Flute Sonata in G major, Op. 48 (pub. 1815)
Divertimento for Piano and Flute in G major, Op.62 (1815, pub. 1819)
Flute Sonata in C major, Op. 76, No. 1 (1816, pub. ca 1817/18)
Flute Sonata in G major, Op. 76, No. 2 (1817, pub. ca 1817/18)
Flute Sonata in G major, Op. 87 (pub. 1819)
Flute Sonata in E-flat major, Op. 169 Sonate sentimentale (1814, pub. 1834)
Nino Rota
Sonata for flute and harp (1937)
R. Murray Schafer
Sonatina for flute and harpsichord (or piano) (1976)
Erwin Schulhoff
Sonata for flute and piano (1927)
Lachlan Skipworth
Flute Sonata (2020)
Leo Smit
Sonata for flute and piano (1939–43)
Otar Taktakishvili
Sonata for flute and piano (1968)
Grace Williams
Sonatina for flute and piano (1931)

FL on Music Theory Print

Flag anthem

Flamenco

Etymology#

Flamenco in Japan

History#

Florida breaks

Late 1980s – early 1990s#

Mid-1990s popularity#

Florida death metal

Features of death metal#

Flower-drum opera

Origin#

Flute concerto

Baroque#

Flute sonata

List of flute sonatas#

See also#