WA on Music Theory Print

Waltz (music)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

History and Examples#

The name waltz comes from the German verb , which Britannica says means “to revolve.” Although French writers have attempted to connect the waltz to the 16th century , firm evidence is lacking connecting this Italian form to the earliest occurrence in the mid‑18th century of to describe dancing. The waltz style quickly became a style of grace and elegance; therefore, many Classical and Romantic period composers were interested in using it. Classical composers traditionally supplied music for dancing when required, and Franz Schubert’s waltzes (including the Valses Sentimentales and Valses Nobles) were written for household dancing, without any pretence at being art music. However, Frédéric Chopin’s surviving 18 waltzes (five he wrote as a child), along with his mazurkas and polonaises, were clearly not intended for dance. They marked the adoption of the waltz and other dance forms as serious composition genres. Other notable contributions to the waltz genre in classical music include 16 by Johannes Brahms (originally for piano duet), and Maurice Ravel’s Valses nobles et sentimentales for piano and La valse for orchestra. Other examples of popular waltzes include “Invitation to the Dance” by Weber, “Un bal” by Berlioz, “The Skater’s Waltz” by Waldteufel, “Sobre las Olas” by Rosas, “Waltz of the Flowers” by Tchaikovsky, “Waves of the Danube” by Ivanovici, and Shostakovich’s Waltz No. 2. 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Abdulaziz, also composed a waltz named “Invitation to Waltz”. The long period of the waltz’s popularity was brought to an end by the First World War, which destroyed the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and the Viennese culture which had nurtured it for so long. European light music shifted from Vienna to Berlin, and compositions by composers such as Gustav Mahler, Igor Stravinsky, and William Walton treated the dance in a nostalgic or grotesque manner as a thing of the past. Waltzes nevertheless continued to be written by composers of light music, such as Eric Coates, Robert Stolz, Ivor Novello, Richard Rodgers, Cole Porter, Oscar Straus, and Stephen Sondheim. The Australian composer Julian Cochran composed piano and orchestral works using the French title Valses , closer to the Latin origin, to mitigate assumptions of a Viennese style. The predominant ballroom form in the 20th century has become the slow waltz, which rose to popularity around 1910 and was derived from the Valse Boston of the 1870s. Examples derived from popular songs include “Ramona” (1927), " Parlami d’amore Mariù " (1932), and “The Last Waltz” (1970).

Wangga

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

External links#

Samples at Manikay.Com
Wangga dancers from Eastern Kimberly Group, at Australia Council for the Arts website.

War song

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Haka#

It is not known when the Māori first saw fit to compose the combination song and dance known as the Haka. The haka is generally composed by a chief, or high-ranking warrior to build up the spirits of warriors and their tribe, whilst striking fear into the enemy. The most famous Haka was composed by Te Rauparaha, the chief of Ngāti Toa, an iwi based in the lower North Island. Te Rauparaha was known to Māori and early Europeans as “The Maori Napoleon,” and his Haka, Ka Mate, was a dance and ode to both the living and the dead. It is still in use today, and is regularly performed by international sports teams from New Zealand, including the All Blacks rugby union team.

Warabe uta

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Tōryanse#

“Tōryanse” is often played as an electronic tune at pedestrian crossings in Japan to signal when it is safe to cross. Japanese: 通りゃんせ通りゃんせここはどこの細道じゃ :天神さまの細道じゃちっと通して下しゃんせ :御用のないもの通しゃせぬこの子の七つのお祝いにお札を納めにまいります :行きはよいよい帰りはこわいこわいながらも通りゃんせ通りゃんせ Romaji: Tōryanse, tōryanse Koko wa doko no hosomichi ja? : Tenjin-sama no hosomichi ja Chitto tōshite kudashanse : Goyō no nai mono tōshasenu Kono ko no nanatsu no oiwai ni O-fuda wo osame ni mairimasu : Iki wa yoi yoi, kaeri wa kowai Kowai nagara mo Tōryanse, tōryanse Translation: Pass through, pass through What is this narrow pathway here? : It’s the narrow pathway of the Tenjin shrine Please allow me to pass through : Those without good reason shall not pass To celebrate this child’s 7th birthday I’ve come to dedicate my offering : Going in will be fine, fine, but returning will be scary It’s scary but Pass through, pass through (When infant mortality was high, people traditionally celebrated when a child survived to reach the age of 7. See Shichigosan) This particular warabe-uta is sung as part of a traditional game identical to “London Bridge Is Falling Down”. Two children facing each other link their hands to form an arch ‘checkpoint’, and the remaining children walk through underneath in a line (and back round again in circles). The child who happens to be under the arch when the song finishes is then ‘caught’. The tune is played at Japanese pedestrian crossings by analogy with this game, i.e., it is safe to cross until the music stops.

Washington, D.C., hardcore

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

History#

Punk in Washington, D.C., found its origins in the district’s former centers of 1960s counterculture. Georgetown University became a key location due to its heavy student population and student radio station, WGTB. The station was run under little supervision from the university administration, and therefore became a voice in the early 1970s for cultural radicalism that had faded since the end of the 1960s. Dupont Circle, becoming more known for its diverse and LGBT-inclusive community, also became important, as well as socially-restless Adams Morgan. Washington, D.C., first saw touring punk bands such as the Ramones in 1976. D.C.’s punk that year with groups like the Slickee Boys and Overkill, who were soon joined by the Look, the Controls, the Razz, White Boy, Urban Verbs, the Shirkers, the Penetrators, Tru Fax and the Insaniacs, and others. Limp Records, run by record producer and record store owner Skip Groff, released several of the earliest D.C. punk singles, as well as the compilation, :30 Over Washington, all of which helped lay the foundation for the larger scene to come. One such band was the Slinkees. Despite the Slinkees only performing live once, three of their members would go on to form the Teen Idles in September 1979. The Teen Idles’ 1980 EP Minor Disturbance was the earliest non-single release in the D.C. hardcore scene. The group broke up in November 1980, and band members Ian MacKaye and Jeff Nelson quickly formed Minor Threat, who debuted in December 1980. Minor Threat profoundly influenced the hardcore punk genre, their contributions to the music, ethics, aesthetics, and ethos widely acknowledged by other hardcore bands. The band used faster rhythms and more aggressive, less melodic riffs than was common at the time. Minor Threat inspired the straight edge movement with its song “Straight Edge”, which spoke out against alcohol, drugs and promiscuity. MacKaye and Nelson ran their own record label, Dischord Records, which released records by D.C. hardcore bands, commonly referred to as harDCore. The Flex Your Head compilation, released in January 1982, was a seminal document of the early 1980s D.C. hardcore scene. The record label was run out of the Dischord House, an Arlington, Virginia punk house. Henry Rollins, who would come to prominence as lead singer of the California-based Black Flag, as well as his own later Rollins Band, grew up in Washington, D.C., and was influenced by the music of Bad Brains and the bands of his childhood friend, Ian MacKaye. The tradition of holding all ages shows at small D.I.Y. spaces, has roots in the early Washington, D.C., straight edge movement. It emerged from the idea that people of all ages should have access to music, regardless of if they’re old enough to drink alcohol.

Waulking song

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

In media#

The song “Ebudæ” by Enya derives its melody from a Hebridean waulking song. Ebudae is the Latin name for the Hebrides. The act of waulking, complete with a song, was showcased in season 1 of the television series Outlander. As Claire Fraser travels the Mackenzie lands with her eventual husband Jamie’s party to collect rents, she spends time with a group of women who are waulking wool. The act of waulking, including a song and the phrase “waulking the tweed,” is shown in the season 9 Christmas special of Call The Midwife. When the midwives journey to the Outer Hebrides, one of their patients participates in waulking tweed, which is shown as a communal activity for the island’s women.

Wave music

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Musical qualities and influences#

Wave conveys feelings and qualities of melancholy similarly to witch house and emo rap, dreaminess, sci-fi akin to grime, drill, vaporwave, cloud rap, video game music and sound design, ambient, house, techno, and jungle.

Production style#

A genre of bass music, while using a filtered Reese style bass timbre. The percussion features trap-style drums with fast hi-hats, with other elements like snare and pan-hits further processed using reverb. The percussive styles used can vary owing to the music’s broad range of influences and producers’ willingness to experiment. The beats per minute typically varies between 120 and 140, but wave DJ sets may range from 100 to 200. Vocals used are generally chopped samples, with the pitch decreased and increased in conjunction with reverb and delay.

WA on Music Theory Print

Waltz (music)

History and Examples#

Wangga

See also#

External links#

War song

Haka#

Warabe uta

Tōryanse#

Washington, D.C., hardcore

History#

Waulking song

In media#

Wave music

Musical qualities and influences#

Production style#