History#

This was Schumann’s last work before he was admitted to the asylum in Bonn-Endenich. Wolf-Dieter Seiffert wrote in the preface to that at this time of his life, Schumann believed that he was surrounded by spirits who played him music, both “wonderful” and “hideous”. They offered him “most magnificent revelations”, but also threatened to send him to Hell. Seiffert goes on to write that on 17 or 18 February 1854, Schumann wrote down a theme he said was dictated to him by voices like those of angels. He did not recognize that it was actually a theme which he had composed previously. After surviving the suicide attempt, he continued to work on it. The next day, he completed the work and sent the manuscript to his wife, Clara, who had left him the night before, on the advice of a doctor.

Form#

Theme – (Quiet, earnest) # Variation I # Variation II – (Like a canon) # Variation III – (Somewhat more animated) # Variation IV # Variation V#

Works which quote WoO 24#

• Brahms: Variations on a Theme of Robert Schumann, piano four hands, Op. 23
• Aribert Reimann: Seven Fragments for Orchestra in memory of Robert Schumann (1988)
• Tori Amos: “Your Ghost” (Night of Hunters, 2011)

Discography#

Below is an incomplete list of recordings of the Geistervariationen: